<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"><channel><title>表活技术- 表活剂网</title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/</link><pubDate>2026-04-26 22:30:22</pubDate><item id="134"><title><![CDATA[发泡型表面活性剂在消毒剂中的应用]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202410/134.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/18/212055121.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[‍随着养殖业迅速、集约化的发展，让养殖户收获了可观的利润，但从2018年非洲猪瘟出现后，肆虐的疫情给不少养殖户的生产造成了严]]></description><content><![CDATA[<section><span style="font-size: 15px;">‍随着养殖业迅速、集约化的发展，让养殖户收获了可观的利润，但从2018年非洲猪瘟出现后，肆虐的疫情给不少养殖户的生产造成了严重损失；口蹄疫、<span class="">猪丹毒</span>、蓝耳等也层出不穷，在多种疫情叠加影响的背景下，<span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: #0080ff;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;word-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;word-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">养殖环境的生物安全变得更为重要</strong></span>。</span></section><p></p><section><br/><span style="font-size: 15px;">以种猪场为例，卫生的养殖环境可直接影响下一批次仔猪的正品出栏率。产床消毒不彻底，可引起产后仔猪腹泻等细菌、病毒性疾病，从而导致仔猪成活率偏低，断奶重不达标，<strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;word-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: #0080ff;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;word-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">只有产床消毒彻底才能起到最高效的消毒效果</span></strong>。冲栏后消毒，地面和限位栏都是湿润状态，使用常规的消毒喷雾，消毒液与湿润的场地“融为一体”，消毒达不到“可视化”效果，死角看不见，未消到位，出于“看不见”消毒液的缘故，消毒变得草草了事。导致消毒剂用量虽多，但消后很快就“归零”。</span></section><p></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/18/211619531.jpg" title="" alt="" width="363" height="495"/></p><p></p><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; text-align: center;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;word-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;font-size: 14px;">冲栏后照片</span></p><section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/18/211655291.jpg" title="" alt="" width="323" height="433"/></p><section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; text-align: center;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;word-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;font-size: 14px;">正常消毒</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="text-align: center; vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;word-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;font-size: 14px;">（某猪场分娩舍）</span></p><p></p><section><br/><span style="font-size: 15px;">对比两图，消毒前后无明显变化，消毒过程会因“都一样”而对消毒态度不严谨。<br/></span></section><section><br/><span style="font-size: 15px;">发泡剂为我们解决了这个难题，消毒剂加入发泡剂后，使用专用<span class="">发泡枪</span>进行消毒，达到“可视化”的效果，不再是“瞎”消毒。加入发泡剂后湿润的表面在消毒后有了一层“白”，可明显的看出已喷洒消毒液的区域。这种泡沫消毒的方式已被越来越多的养殖场接受和使用。</span></section><section><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/18/211715211.jpg" title="" alt="" width="326" height="278"/></section><section><section><section><section><p><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/18/211738981.jpg" title="" alt="" width="274" height="386"/></p></section><section><section><section><br/></section></section></section></section></section></section><section>加有泡沫助剂的消毒剂带猪消毒效果<br/></section><section><br/><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;word-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: #0080ff;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;word-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">泡沫助剂的主要成分是表面活性剂</span></strong>，是精细化工的重要产品，享有“<span class="">工业味精</span>”的美称。表面活性剂是指能使目标溶液表面张力显著下降的物质，它具有固定的亲水<span class="">亲油基团</span>，在溶液的表面能定向排列。它通过吸附气体和液体两相界面，从而降低水的表面张力，也可通过吸附在液体界面间来降低油水界面张力。其应用广泛，功能众多，具有增溶、增稠、乳化、润湿、消泡起泡、洗涤去污、分散、杀菌消毒、抗静电、柔软平滑等功能。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/18/211805161.jpg" title="" alt="" width="380" height="222"/></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section>表面活性剂结构示意图<br/></section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/18/211817881.jpg" title="" alt="" width="593" height="215"/></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section>表面活性剂去污原理<br/></section><section><br/><span style="font-size: 15px;">发泡是表面活性剂的重要功能之一，发泡型表面活性剂能降低水的表面张力，并在液膜表面双<span class="">电子层</span>排列而包围空气，形成气泡，再由单个气泡组成泡沫。<strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;word-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: #0080ff;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;word-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">优秀的发泡剂具有发泡力强、泡沫细腻、泡沫稳定性好的特点</span></strong>。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/18/211832831.jpg" title="" alt="" width="331" height="240"/></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section>动态分析仪下的表面活性剂形成泡沫结构（科宏达表活研究中心供图）</section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/18/211843231.jpg" title="" alt="" width="379" height="267"/></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section>加入泡沫助剂的消毒液（科宏达研发）在水帘上喷洒实拍图<br/></section><section><br/><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;word-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: #0080ff;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;word-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">有效消毒的三要素：有效的消毒剂、有效的浓度、充分的接触；</span></strong>在保证消毒剂质量的同时，使用配方加入了发泡助剂的消毒液，借助专用发泡枪进行消毒，增加了消毒液与目标界面及病原微生物的接触时间，可以达到更高效、更彻底的消毒效果。</span></section><section><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/18/211910411.jpg" title="" alt="" width="582" height="382"/></section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><br/></section></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section>影响消毒效果的主要因素<br/></section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/18/211929501.jpg" title="" alt="" width="403" height="248"/></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section>实施泡沫消毒<br/></section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/18/211943371.jpg" title="" alt="" width="521" height="392"/></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section>在泡沫助剂（科宏达研发）的共同作用下消毒剂与栏杆充分接触<br/></section><section><br/><span style="font-size: 15px;">猪舍在冲净后进行发泡消毒18-24h后再转猪，让猪舍多了一层“安全感”，消毒更省事、省心、省量，猪只健康也得到相应的保障；建议进行两次消毒，冲净后首次消毒，等首次消毒干后再次进行二次消毒，两次消毒间隔18-24h。</span></section><section><br/><span style="font-size: 15px;">新场在引种前对栋舍进行消毒，用上发泡剂，让消毒“看得见”，建议进行两次消毒，消毒时间间隔可在12-24h。</span></section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/18/211958421.jpg" title="" alt="" width="1" height="1"/></p></section></section><section><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/18/212019781.jpg" title="" alt="" width="462" height="431"/></section></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section>某猪场顶棚加入泡沫助剂（科宏达研发）消毒实用效果<br/></section><section><br/><span style="font-size: 15px;">科宏达提供给客户的消毒专用泡沫助剂，可直接添加入戊二醛制剂（单方）配方，作为产品的辅料或助剂使用，不影响配方检测和产品稳定性，其有较强的渗透性能和去污能力，能协助消毒剂渗透入有机质深层杀灭病原菌。</span></section><section><br/><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;word-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 128, 255); box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">戊二醛配方（单方）专用发泡剂具有发泡性能好、泡沫细腻均匀、粘附性能好等特点</span></strong>，让消毒剂与目标界面上的细菌、病毒接触更充分，接触时间更长久，让消毒更彻底，让养猪更放心！</span></section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/18/212033161.jpg" title="" alt="" width="515" height="344"/></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="font-size: 15px;">消毒剂普遍具有刺激性，在使用时戴上厚的胶手套，为防止倒入液体时蹦溅到眼睛造成伤害，应戴着眼罩、防毒面具，做好安全防护再进行操作。</span></section><p></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-10-18 21:03:23</pubDate></item><item id="132"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂的现状和发展方向]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202410/132.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/13/215636191.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[现状表面活性剂是从20 世纪50 年代开始随着石油化工业的飞速发展而兴起的一种新型化学品，是精细化工的重要产品，享有“工业味精]]></description><content><![CDATA[<section><section><section><section><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/13/215624171.jpg" title="" alt="" width="192" height="209"/></strong></p><p><strong><br/></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>现状</strong></p></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">表面活性剂是从20 世纪50 年代开始随着石油化工业的飞速发展而兴起的一种新型化学品，是精细化工的重要产品，享有“工业味精”的美称。它几乎渗透到一切技术经济部门。当今，表面活性剂产量大，品种逾万种。随着世界经济的发展以及科学技术领域的开拓，表面活性剂的发展更加迅猛，其应用领域从日用化学工业发展到石油、食品、农业、卫生、环境、新型材料等技术部门。但在表面活性剂给人们生活、给工农业生产带来极大方便的同时，也给环境带来了污染，因此，研究表面活性剂发展及其趋势，对表面活性剂工业，乃至我国整体工业经济有着非常重要作用和意义。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><h2></h2><p><section><section><section><section><section><strong>发展方向</strong></section></section></section></section></section></p><h2><br/></h2><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>1.烷基磷羧酸盐（AEC）工业化制造</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">表面活性剂应人类要求正向着温和、易生物降解和多功能性，强调使用安全、生态保护和提高效率的方向发展。例如：烷基醇醚羧酸盐（AEC）是8O年代以来，发达国家积极研究开发的优质表面活性剂热点品种，它与烷基多苷和醇醚磷酸单酯同被称为“表面活性剂90年代的绿色品种”。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/13/215519111.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;">图1 表面活性剂结构示意图</p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">生物降解性能优异。烷基醚羧酸盐国内的应用市场还远远落后于发达国家，随着环保意识的不断加强和人民物质文化水平的不断提高，这类集温和、易生物降解和多功能性于一身的表面活性剂，在金属加工领域内，将发挥更大作用。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>2.新一代表面活性剂Gemini</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">现已经合成的低聚表面活性剂有二聚体、三聚体和四聚体等，其中最引人注目的是二聚体，二聚表面活性剂最早被合成于1971年，后因其结构上的特点而被形象地命名为Gemini（英文是双子星之意）表面活性剂。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">表面活性剂Gemini（或称dimeric）提高了表面活性。与当前为提高表面活性而进行的大量尝试，如添加盐类、提高温度或将阴离子表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂混合相比较，道纯化工Gemini表面活性剂是概念上的突破，因而被誉为新一代的表面括性剂。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/13/215528261.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;">图2 炔醇类Gemini表面活性剂</p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">离子相当紧密的连接，致使其碳氢链间更容易产生强相互作用，即加强了碳氢链间的疏水结合力，而且离子头基间的排斥倾向受制于化学键力而被大大削弱，这就是Gemini表面活性剂和单链单头基表面括性剂相比较，具有高表面括性的根本原因。另一方面。在两个离子头基问的化学键联接不破坏其亲水性，从而为高表面活性的Cemini表面活性剂的广泛应用提供了基础。通过化学键联接方法提高表面活性和以往通常应用的物理方法不同，在概念上是一个突破。Genmini表面活性剂的优良性质：</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>离子型Gemini表面活性剂的特征性质：</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">（1）更易吸附在气/液表面，从而更有效地降低水溶液表面张力。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">（2）更易聚集生成胶团。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">（3）Gemini降低水溶液表面张力的倾向远大于聚集生成胶团的倾向，降低水溶液表面张力的效率是相当突出的。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">（4）具有很低的Krafft相转移点。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">（5）对水溶液表面张力的降低能力和降低效率而言，Gemini和普通表面活性剂尤其是和非离子表面活性剂的复配能产生更大的协同效应。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">（6）具有良好的钙皂分散性质。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">（7）在很多场合，是优良的润湿剂。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Gemini表面活性剂正在成为世界胶体和界面科学领域各主要小组的研究方向。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>3.AB型嵌段高分子表面活性剂</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">涂料中颜填料的分散先后使用过聚磷酸盐、硅酸盐、碳酸盐等无机分散剂，传统小分子表面活性剂和聚羧酸盐、聚丙酸酸盐等高分子化合物。高分子化合物主要利用空间位阻使颜填料颗粒稳定，效果好于小分子表面活性剂的静电排斥作用。研究表明，在众多类型的高分子分散剂中，效果最好、效率最高的是AB型嵌段高分子表面活性剂。从分子结构上看，AB型嵌段高分子就是超大号的表面活性剂，A嵌段和B嵌段分别类似于表面活性剂的亲水头基和疏水尾链。AB嵌段高分子表面活性剂在颜填料表面采取尾型吸附形态，A嵌段是亲颜料的锚固基团，B嵌段是亲溶剂的溶剂化尾链。A嵌段可以是酸、胺、醇、酚等官能团，通过离子键、共价键、配位键、氢键及范德华力等相互作用吸附在颗粒表面，由于含有多个吸附点，可以有效地防止分散剂分子脱附，使吸附紧密且持久。B嵌段可以是聚醚、聚酯、聚烯烃、聚丙烯酸酯等基团，分别适用于极性和非极性溶剂。典型的AB嵌段型高分子表面活性剂结构如图所示。稳定颗粒主要依靠B嵌段形成的吸附层产生的空间位阻作用，所以对作为溶剂化尾链的B嵌段的长度和均一性有极高的要求，希望可以形成厚度适中且均一的吸附层，如果B段过长，可能会起架桥作用，引起分散体系黏度增加，甚至絮凝沉淀。通常认为位阻层的厚度为20nm时，可以达到最好的稳定效果。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/13/215537991.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;">图3 AB嵌段型高分子表面活性剂</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">合成分子结构明确和相对分子质量可控的AB型嵌段高分子表面活性剂是涂料分散助剂的发展方向，这需要用到受控聚合技术。但仅有BYK、Ciba、Rhodia等少数几个公司拥有受控聚合技术。深圳海川公司正在开发的新型分散剂也是AB型嵌段高分子表面活性剂。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>4.Bola型表面活性剂</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Bola型表面活性剂是由两个极性头基用一根或多根疏水链连接键合起来的化合物，它因形似南美土著人的一种武器Bola（一根绳子的两端各连接一个球）而得名，最简单的Bola型表面活性剂结构如图3所示。典型的缔合型增稠剂如图4所示。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/13/215547861.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;">图4 Bola型大分子表面活性剂</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">分子两端的疏水基团起缔合作用，相当于Bola型表面活性剂的2个端头基，是增稠的决定因素，通常是油基、十八烷基、十二烷苯基、壬酚基等。亲水链相当于Bola型表面活性剂的连接链，能提供化学稳定性和黏度稳定性，常用的是聚醚，如聚氧乙烯及其衍生物。缔合型增稠剂的分子链是通过聚氨酯基团来扩展的，所用聚氨酯有IPDI、TDI和HMDI等。这样的分子结构使缔合型增稠剂分子可以像大分子表面活性剂一样形成胶束，亲水端与水分子以氢键缔合，疏水端与乳液粒子、表面活性剂等的疏水结构吸附缔合在一起，在水中形成立体网状结构，达到增稠的效果。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>5.Dendrimer型表面活性剂</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Dendrimer就是树枝状大分子，它是从一个中心核分子出发，由支化单体逐级扩散伸展开来的结构，或者由中心核、数层支化单元和外围基团通过化学键连接而成的。已经有聚醚、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚芳烃、聚有机硅等类型。树枝状大分子的特性是其分子结构规整，分子体积、形状和末端官能团可在分子水平上设计与控制，因此成为高分子学科的热门课题。按照需求对其端基进行改性，就得到相应的树枝状大分子表面活性剂。树枝状大分子也引起涂料界的关注，开发出该种类型的分散剂、交联剂和专用树脂等。树枝状表面活性剂用作涂料分散剂有两方面优势，首先，通过对其端基修饰，可以产生多个颜料亲和基团，加强与颜料的相互作用。其次，由于分子结构一致，且形状近似椭球形，在分散体系中比较容易获得较低黏度。超支化聚氨酯用聚乙二醇或环氧丙烷共聚物改性，是一种新型的高固体分、溶剂性或水性涂料的颜料分散剂。以商品化的超支化聚酯、聚酯-酰胺、聚乙烯亚胺为骨架，加以改性开发的核-壳型颜料锚固机制的分散剂，其优点是在低黏度下具有颜料分散稳定性。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>6.低泡或无泡表面活性剂</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">低泡或无泡表面活性剂就是在原有的表面活性剂基础上进行改性，使其原有的发泡基团失去或降低发泡性，也有用异构醇加EO和PO进行嵌段来调节泡沫大小生产而成的。市场有低泡表面活性剂LT-601，无泡表面活性剂8550、8551。</p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-10-13 21:50:26</pubDate></item><item id="119"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂在农药中的应用]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202410/119.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/131015461.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[在农药的使用中，只有极少数的情况是对原药的直接使用，大多数情况下都是将农药与其他助剂和溶剂混合使用，进而提高其使用价值并]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">在农药的使用中，只有极少数的情况是对原药的直接使用，大多数情况下都是将农药与其他助剂和溶剂混合使用，进而提高其使用价值并降低使用成本。表面活性剂就是一种可以更大发挥农药价值，降低农药成本的助剂，发挥乳化、起泡/消泡、分散及湿润等作用，在农药中得到了相当广泛的应用。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">表面活性剂能改善乳状液中各组分间的界面张力，使之形成均匀稳定的分散体系。表面活性剂结构中同时具有<span class="">亲水基</span>和亲油基，它吸附在油水界面上，可以降低界面张力和减少形成乳状液所需的能量，从而提高乳状液的稳定性。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">将农药有效成分以微小状态分散于水中，乳化农药较其他剂型农药的效果更佳。乳化剂直接影响农药乳液的稳定性，进而影响功效。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">不同液滴大小的农药具有不同的稳定性：当农药颗粒＜0.05μm时，在水中是增溶状态，较为稳定；农药颗粒0.05～1μm时，在水中基本处在溶解状态，并保持相对的稳定；农药颗粒为1～10μm时，在水中存在部分大颗粒，经过一定时间会有沉淀或析出；农药颗粒10μm以上时，明显地悬浮在水中，极不稳定。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">随着农药结构的变化，一些高毒的有机磷农药逐步被一些安全、高效、低毒和化学结构复杂的农药品种取代。一些杂环化合物，特别是含氮的吡啶、嘧啶、吡唑、噻唑和三唑等结构的农药为固体，在常规溶剂中溶解度较低，需要新型、高效、低毒乳化剂实现新型农药的乳化。常见农药乳化剂配方见表1～表8。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">表1 &nbsp;农药乳化剂配方1</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/130859471.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">表2 &nbsp;农药乳化剂配方2</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/130910921.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">表3 &nbsp;农药乳化剂配方3</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/130916581.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;"><br/></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">表4 &nbsp;农药乳化剂配方4</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/130922831.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;"><br/></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">表5 &nbsp;农药乳化剂配方5</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/130928231.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;"><br/></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">表6 &nbsp;农药乳化剂配方6</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/130937191.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;"><br/></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">表7 &nbsp;农药乳化剂配方7</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/130955991.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 15px;font-family: 黑体, SimHei;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;line-height: 22.5px;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">&nbsp; ①为</span><em style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;line-height: 22.5px;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">α</span></em><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;line-height: 22.5px;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">-烯烃磺酸盐、木质素磺酸盐或三苯乙烯基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯。②为聚山梨酯-80、烷基糖苷、乙烯基吡咯烷酮或聚乙酸乙烯酯。③分子量400～10,000。④为</span><em style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;line-height: 22.5px;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">N</span></em><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;line-height: 22.5px;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">,</span><em style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;line-height: 22.5px;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">N</span></em><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;line-height: 22.5px;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">-二甲基双<span class="">丙烯酰胺</span>、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、三烯丙基甲基氯化铵或四烯丙基氯化铵中的一种。⑤为过硫酸盐、过氧化氢、<span class="">偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐</span>、偶氮二异丁咪唑啉盐酸盐中的一种或多种。</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">表8 &nbsp;农药乳化剂配方8</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/130950321.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;line-height: 22.5px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">说明：以10%乳化剂、2%啶虫脒、88%去离子水混合得到农药水剂。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">百草枯（化学名称为1,1-二甲基-4,4-联吡啶阳离子盐）是一种速效触杀型非选择性除草剂，能有效杀灭含叶绿体的植物，可防除各种一年或多年生杂草，广泛应用于防除果树、桑树、胶园及林带的杂草，也可用于防除耕地田埂、墁坡路边的杂草，对宽行种植作物，可采取定向喷雾防除杂草，对免耕田作物换茬时苗前除草亦广泛应用。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">百草枯具有杀草谱广、渗透性强、起效快、除草不伤根、遇土钝化、性价比高等优点，此前通用的剂型是液体制剂。虽然具有上述显著优点，但百草枯对人畜有很强的口服毒性和吸入毒性，且无有效解毒剂。若将百草枯制成固体制剂（见表9）且加以严密包装，冲动自杀者难以方便服用，便能降低误服或自杀性中毒风险。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">表9 &nbsp;百草枯固体制剂配方</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/131003361.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;line-height: 22.5px;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 15px;font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">说明：可采用2种造粒方法，一种是将各组分混合制成片状固体，粉碎成20～60目颗粒；另一种方法是将各组分混合后0.5MPa下熔融喷雾冷却造粒，得到200～800μm的光滑颗粒。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-indent: 28px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">中国是世界上主要的农药生产和使用大国，据统计，2018年我国农药原药产量高达208.3万t，随着人们环保意识的提高，对农药制剂的要求也越来越高。因此，绿色高质量农药制剂的研究和应用越来越重要，而性能良好的表面活性剂作为制剂的重要组成，在绿色高质量农药中有着举足轻重的地位。</span></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-10-11 13:05:08</pubDate></item><item id="118"><title><![CDATA[椰子油烷基糖苷]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202410/118.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/130507491.jpeg</thumb><description><![CDATA[原料展示名称椰子油烷基糖苷准药品显示名称烷基(8~16)葡萄糖苷部外表示别名烷基糖苷INCI名椰油基葡糖苷目的清洁1.1. 定义它是由]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/130451481.jpeg" title="" alt="" width="287" height="307"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/130353371.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"></strong></p><table width="578"><tbody style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;visibility: visible;"><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;visibility: visible;" class="firstRow"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; width: 200px; line-height: 1.5; visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;">原料展示名称</span></th><td width="434" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;">椰子油烷基糖苷</span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;visibility: visible;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5; visibility: visible; font-size: 0.9em !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;visibility: visible;">准药品显示名称</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;">烷基(8~16)葡萄糖苷</span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 0.9em !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">部外表示别名</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">烷基糖苷</span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;"><span class="">INCI</span>名</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">椰油基葡糖苷</span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">目的</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">清洁</span>&nbsp;</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p><br/></p><h3 style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 25px 1px 20px; padding-bottom: 5px; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.5rem; box-sizing: inherit; text-wrap: wrap; background-repeat: no-repeat; font-family: &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&quot;, Meiryo, メイリオ, Osaka, &quot;Yu Gothic Medium&quot;, &quot;游ゴシック Medium&quot;, 游ゴシック体, &quot;Yu Gothic&quot;, YuGothic, &quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&quot;, &quot;MS PGothic&quot;, sans-serif; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(81, 182, 159); color: rgb(60, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.008em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">1.1. 定义</span></h3><p><section><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">它是由椰子醇和葡萄糖缩合而成的物质，其化学式如下所示，是一种<span class="">非离子表面活性剂</span>（非离子表面活性剂）[ 1 ]。</span></section><section><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">*1 葡萄糖是单糖，糖是多元醇的第一氧化产物，因此在非离子表面活性剂的分类中，被归类为多元醇相关物质，这里被归类为多元醇。醇缩合型。</span></section><section><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">*2 也称为烷基多糖苷。</span></section></p><h3 style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 25px 1px 20px; padding-bottom: 5px; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.5rem; box-sizing: inherit; text-wrap: wrap; background-repeat: no-repeat; font-family: &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&quot;, Meiryo, メイリオ, Osaka, &quot;Yu Gothic Medium&quot;, &quot;游ゴシック Medium&quot;, 游ゴシック体, &quot;Yu Gothic&quot;, YuGothic, &quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&quot;, &quot;MS PGothic&quot;, sans-serif; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(81, 182, 159); color: rgb(60, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.008em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">1.2.&nbsp;性状</span></h3><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">椰子油<span class="">烷基葡萄糖苷</span>的性质是：</span></p><table width="578"><tbody style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;" class="firstRow"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; width: 191px; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">外观</span></th><td width="443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">淡黄色液体</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;">当掺入清洗剂/化妆品中时，</span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-right: 0.8em;margin-bottom: 1.5em;margin-left: 1.7em;outline: 0px;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-repeat: no-repeat;font-weight: bold !im<i></i>portant;font-size: 0.9em !im<i></i>portant;"><li><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">清洁动作</span></p></li></ul><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-bottom: 1.5em;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-repeat: no-repeat;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">主要用于沐浴露产品、洗发水产品、洗面奶、清洁产品、护肤品、手部护理产品、身体护理产品、彩妆产品等。</span></p><h3 style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 25px 1px 20px; padding-bottom: 5px; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.5rem; box-sizing: inherit; text-wrap: wrap; background-repeat: no-repeat; font-family: &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&quot;, Meiryo, メイリオ, Osaka, &quot;Yu Gothic Medium&quot;, &quot;游ゴシック Medium&quot;, 游ゴシック体, &quot;Yu Gothic&quot;, YuGothic, &quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&quot;, &quot;MS PGothic&quot;, sans-serif; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(81, 182, 159); color: rgb(60, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.008em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">2.1. 清洁动作</span></h3><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">关于清洁动作，我们将作为前提知识解释清洁动作和清洁机理。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">“变脏”是指污垢粘附在固体表面上，并且已知为了去除污垢，需要施加大于污垢的粘附能的外部能量。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">清洁作用是指最大限度地减少这种粘附能量，使污垢更容易去除，并使污垢难以重新粘附。清洁作用的具体机制通过看下面的清洁机理图就可以很容易地理解。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/130400911.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">首先用清洗液润湿污垢和固体表面，然后表面活性剂吸附在污垢和固体表面上，将污垢卷起(*3)，通过乳化和<span class="">增溶</span>作用分散和溶解，最后防止再清洗。它是用水冲洗等一系列过程。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">*3 液体污垢变成液滴并从固体表面分离的现象。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">椰子油烷基葡糖苷是一种以葡萄糖聚合物为亲水基团，以椰子醇为疏水基团的烷基糖苷（非离子表面活性剂），但烯丙基糖苷是一种非离子表面活性剂，具有优异的清洁力和高起泡性，主要用于清洁用途。沐浴露产品、洗发水产品、洗面奶、清洁产品等，因为它具有化学性质，对皮肤的刺激性比阴离子表面活性剂小。</span></p><h2 style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 45px; margin-bottom: 18px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.7rem; box-sizing: inherit; text-wrap: wrap; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&quot;, Meiryo, メイリオ, Osaka, &quot;Yu Gothic Medium&quot;, &quot;游ゴシック Medium&quot;, 游ゴシック体, &quot;Yu Gothic&quot;, YuGothic, &quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&quot;, &quot;MS PGothic&quot;, sans-serif; color: rgb(60, 51, 51); border-left: 5px solid rgb(81, 182, 159); letter-spacing: 0.008em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">3. 作为混合原料进行混合的目的</span></h2><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">椰子油烷基葡糖苷已开发出混合原料，如果将椰子油烷基葡糖苷与以下成分一起使用，则有可能作为混合原料进行混合。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br/></p><table width="578"><tbody style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;" class="firstRow"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; width: 127px; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">原料名</span></th><td width="507" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; background-repeat: no-repeat; vertical-align: inherit; color: rgb(60, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&quot;, Meiryo, メイリオ, Osaka, &quot;Yu Gothic Medium&quot;, &quot;游ゴシック Medium&quot;, 游ゴシック体, &quot;Yu Gothic&quot;, YuGothic, &quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&quot;, &quot;MS PGothic&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px; letter-spacing: 0.315px;">Euperlan PCO UP</span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">构成成分</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">（苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯）共聚物</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">、</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-weight: bold !im<i></i>portant;">椰子油烷基葡糖苷</span></span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">特征</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">一种基于苯乙烯聚合物的混浊剂，是清洁剂的理想选择。</span></td></tr></tbody></table><table width="578"><tbody style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;" class="firstRow"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; width: 127px; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">原料名</span></th><td width="507" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; background-repeat: no-repeat; vertical-align: inherit; color: rgb(60, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&quot;, Meiryo, メイリオ, Osaka, &quot;Yu Gothic Medium&quot;, &quot;游ゴシック Medium&quot;, 游ゴシック体, &quot;Yu Gothic&quot;, YuGothic, &quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&quot;, &quot;MS PGothic&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px; letter-spacing: 0.315px;">EPSAN Plus</span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">构成成分</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">水、对茴香酸</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">、聚甘油10、聚赖氨酸、</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-weight: bold !im<i></i>portant;">椰子油烷基葡萄糖苷</span></span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">特征</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">含有聚赖氨酸和对茴香酸的防腐系统</span></td></tr></tbody></table><table width="578"><tbody style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;" class="firstRow"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; width: 127px; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">原料名</span></th><td width="507" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; background-repeat: no-repeat; vertical-align: inherit; color: rgb(60, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&quot;, Meiryo, メイリオ, Osaka, &quot;Yu Gothic Medium&quot;, &quot;游ゴシック Medium&quot;, 游ゴシック体, &quot;Yu Gothic&quot;, YuGothic, &quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&quot;, &quot;MS PGothic&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px; letter-spacing: 0.315px;">Euperlan PK 1200</span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">构成成分</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-weight: bold !im<i></i>portant;">椰子油烷基葡萄糖苷</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">、</span></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">二硬脂酸乙二醇酯、甘油</span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">特征</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">珠光剂赋予深邃的珠光外观</span></td></tr></tbody></table><table width="578"><tbody style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;" class="firstRow"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; width: 127px; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">原料名</span></th><td width="507" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; background-repeat: no-repeat; vertical-align: inherit; color: rgb(60, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&quot;, Meiryo, メイリオ, Osaka, &quot;Yu Gothic Medium&quot;, &quot;游ゴシック Medium&quot;, 游ゴシック体, &quot;Yu Gothic&quot;, YuGothic, &quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&quot;, &quot;MS PGothic&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px; letter-spacing: 0.315px;">Lamesoft Balance</span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">构成成分</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-weight: bold !im<i></i>portant;">椰子油烷基糖苷</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">、</span></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">氢化蓖麻油</span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">特征</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">从植物原料中提取的浑浊微粒稳定剂，可防止洗涤剂表面活性剂体系中微粒的凝聚和沉降，有助于稳定化。</span></td></tr></tbody></table><table width="578"><tbody style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;" class="firstRow"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; width: 127px; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">原料名</span></th><td width="507" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">Lamesoft PO65</span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">构成成分</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-weight: bold !im<i></i>portant;">椰子油烷基葡萄糖苷</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">油酸甘油酯</span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">特征</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">在基于表面活性剂的洗涤剂配方中也有助于增稠的<span class="">加脂剂</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><table width="578"><tbody style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;" class="firstRow"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; width: 127px; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">原料名</span></th><td width="507" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">Lamesoft TM&nbsp;<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; color: rgb(60, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&quot;, Meiryo, メイリオ, Osaka, &quot;Yu Gothic Medium&quot;, &quot;游ゴシック Medium&quot;, 游ゴシック体, &quot;Yu Gothic&quot;, YuGothic, &quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&quot;, &quot;MS PGothic&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px; letter-spacing: 0.315px;">Benz</span></span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">构成成分</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">乙二醇二硬脂酸酯</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">、</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-weight: bold !im<i></i>portant;">椰子油烷基葡萄糖苷</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">、</span></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">油酸甘油酯、硬脂酸甘油酯</span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">特征</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">高性能蜡分散体，可为头发和皮肤提供调理功效，是洗发水、沐浴露、液体肥皂和洁面乳的理想选择。</span></td></tr></tbody></table><table width="578"><tbody style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;" class="firstRow"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; width: 127px; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">原料名</span></th><td width="507" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; background-repeat: no-repeat; vertical-align: inherit; color: rgb(60, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&quot;, Meiryo, メイリオ, Osaka, &quot;Yu Gothic Medium&quot;, &quot;游ゴシック Medium&quot;, 游ゴシック体, &quot;Yu Gothic&quot;, YuGothic, &quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&quot;, &quot;MS PGothic&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px; letter-spacing: 0.315px;">Mo<i></i>nTANOV 82</span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">构成成分</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">鲸蜡硬脂醇</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">、</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-weight: bold !im<i></i>portant;">椰子油烷基葡糖苷</span></span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">特征</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">烷基糖苷与高级醇组成的O/W型乳化剂</span></td></tr></tbody></table><table width="578"><tbody style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;" class="firstRow"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; width: 127px; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">原料名</span></th><td width="507" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; background-repeat: no-repeat; vertical-align: inherit; color: rgb(60, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&quot;, Meiryo, メイリオ, Osaka, &quot;Yu Gothic Medium&quot;, &quot;游ゴシック Medium&quot;, 游ゴシック体, &quot;Yu Gothic&quot;, YuGothic, &quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&quot;, &quot;MS PGothic&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px; letter-spacing: 0.315px;">Mo<i></i>nTANOV S</span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">构成成分</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">椰子醇、</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-weight: bold !im<i></i>portant;">椰子油烷基糖苷</span></span></td></tr><tr style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><th style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all; hyphens: auto; border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">特征</span></th><td style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;line-height: 1.5;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 14px;">烷基糖苷与高级醇组成的O/W型乳化剂</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br/></p><h3 style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 25px 1px 20px; padding-bottom: 5px; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.5rem; box-sizing: inherit; text-wrap: wrap; background-repeat: no-repeat; font-family: &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&quot;, Meiryo, メイリオ, Osaka, &quot;Yu Gothic Medium&quot;, &quot;游ゴシック Medium&quot;, 游ゴシック体, &quot;Yu Gothic&quot;, YuGothic, &quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&quot;, &quot;MS PGothic&quot;, sans-serif; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(81, 182, 159); color: rgb(60, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.008em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">4.1. 皮肤刺激和过敏（过敏）</span></h3><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">根据化妆品成分审查的安全数据&nbsp;：</span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-right: 0.8em;margin-bottom: 1.5em;margin-left: 1.7em;outline: 0px;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 0.9em !im<i></i>portant;"><li><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;color: rgb(81, 182, 159) !im<i></i>portant;font-weight: bold !im<i></i>portant;">[人体研究]</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">&nbsp;将 2% 椰子油烷基葡萄糖苷（pH 6.5）的闭塞贴剂涂抹于 20 名受试者 24 小时，在贴剂去除后评估皮肤刺激性</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 0.8em !im<i></i>portant;">（A. Mehling，2007） 。</span></p></li><li><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;color: rgb(81, 182, 159) !im<i></i>portant;font-weight: bold !im<i></i>portant;">[人体研究]</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">&nbsp;使用封闭贴片对 213 名受试者使用 1% 椰子油烷基葡萄糖苷水溶液进行 HRIPT（皮肤刺激和皮肤过敏测试），未观察到刺激或皮肤过敏反应</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 0.8em !im<i></i>portant;">（消费者产品测试公司，2005 年）。</span></p></li></ul><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">是这样描述的，而就测试数据而言，一般都报道没有皮肤刺激或皮肤过敏，所以一般认为几乎没有皮肤刺激或皮肤过敏。</span></p><h3 style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 25px 1px 20px; padding-bottom: 5px; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.5rem; box-sizing: inherit; text-wrap: wrap; background-repeat: no-repeat; font-family: &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&quot;, Meiryo, メイリオ, Osaka, &quot;Yu Gothic Medium&quot;, &quot;游ゴシック Medium&quot;, 游ゴシック体, &quot;Yu Gothic&quot;, YuGothic, &quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&quot;, &quot;MS PGothic&quot;, sans-serif; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(81, 182, 159); color: rgb(60, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.008em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">4.2.&nbsp;眼刺激性</span></h3><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">根据化妆品成分审查的安全数据&nbsp;：</span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-right: 0.8em;margin-bottom: 1.5em;margin-left: 1.7em;outline: 0px;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 0.9em !im<i></i>portant;"><li><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;color: rgb(81, 182, 159) !im<i></i>portant;font-weight: bold !im<i></i>portant;">[体外试验]</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">&nbsp;当用 3% 椰子油烷基葡萄糖苷水溶液（pH 6.5）（HET-CAM 法）处理鸡蛋绒毛尿囊膜时，该试验物质预计会引起轻微的眼睛刺激</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 0.8em !im<i></i>portant;">（A . Mehling, 2007）</span></p></li><li><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;color: rgb(81, 182, 159) !im<i></i>portant;font-weight: bold !im<i></i>portant;">[体外测试]</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">&nbsp;使用正常人表皮角质形成细胞重建的三维培养角膜模型，用0.6%椰子油烷基葡萄糖苷水溶液（pH 7.0）处理模型角膜表面，以减少眼部粘膜刺激。测试物质不会刺激眼睛</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 0.8em !im<i></i>portant;">（A. Mehling，2007）</span></p></li></ul><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">如上所述，就测试数据显示，已有非刺激性至轻微眼刺激的报道，一般认为眼刺激可能会导致非刺激性至轻微眼刺激。</span></p><h3 style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 25px 1px 20px; padding-bottom: 5px; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.5rem; box-sizing: inherit; text-wrap: wrap; background-repeat: no-repeat; font-family: &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&quot;, Meiryo, メイリオ, Osaka, &quot;Yu Gothic Medium&quot;, &quot;游ゴシック Medium&quot;, 游ゴシック体, &quot;Yu Gothic&quot;, YuGothic, &quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&quot;, &quot;MS PGothic&quot;, sans-serif; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(81, 182, 159); color: rgb(60, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.008em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">4.3. 蛋白质变性</span></h3><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">烷基糖苷虽然是非离子表面活性剂，但用于清洁剂中。由于化妆品中清洁剂的作用对象头发和皮肤的最外层是角蛋白，因此烷基糖苷对这些蛋白质的作用就很重要。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">根据花王报道的烷基糖苷对蛋白质作用的验证，</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">我们比较并验证了阴离子表面活性剂月桂醇聚醚硫酸钠和非离子表面活性剂烷基糖苷对&nbsp;蛋白质的变性作用。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">将月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠水溶液和各烷基糖苷水溶液添加到作为水溶性蛋白质的肌红蛋白中，通过UV吸收测定蛋白质量，结果发现，添加月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠时，UV吸收度降低。确认了蛋白质变性，但添加烷基糖苷水溶液则没有变化。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">这已被报道，并且观察到烷基糖苷对蛋白质变性没有影响。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">这一结果是因为阴离子表面活性剂通过静电和疏水相互作用与蛋白质结合，而非离子表面活性剂通过疏水相互作用和氢键结合，因此结合能为。这被认为是由于阴离子表面活性剂使蛋白质变性的潜力较高。</span></p><h3 style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 25px 1px 20px; padding-bottom: 5px; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.5rem; box-sizing: inherit; text-wrap: wrap; background-repeat: no-repeat; font-family: &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&quot;, Meiryo, メイリオ, Osaka, &quot;Yu Gothic Medium&quot;, &quot;游ゴシック Medium&quot;, 游ゴシック体, &quot;Yu Gothic&quot;, YuGothic, &quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&quot;, &quot;MS PGothic&quot;, sans-serif; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(81, 182, 159); color: rgb(60, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.008em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;">4.4. 皮肤氨基酸和脂质洗脱</span></h3><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">众所周知，十二烷基硫酸钠等AS类物质，由于持续使用，会析出大量的鲨烯以及胆固醇构建屏障功能的天然保湿因子</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">根据花王 1993 年报道的关于月桂基葡萄糖苷对氨基酸和脂质从皮肤中洗脱的影响的研究，</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">月桂酸钠的氨基酸洗脱量最高，月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠的脂质洗脱量最高，作为非离子表面活性剂的烷基糖苷的值低于阴离子表面活性剂。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">如上所述，椰子油烷基葡糖苷是类似于癸基葡糖苷和月桂基葡糖苷的烷基糖苷，被认为可以从皮肤上洗脱极少量的氨基酸和脂质。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding: 0.5em;outline: 0px;word-break: break-all;hyphens: auto;border-color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;font-size: 1em;vertical-align: middle;letter-spacing: 0.025em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;box-sizing: inherit;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 15px;">也已证实烷基糖苷对皮肤的吸附性较低。</span></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-10-11 13:02:07</pubDate></item><item id="116"><title><![CDATA[化学人不可不知的表面活性剂的基本理论知识]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202410/116.html</link><thumb></thumb><description><![CDATA[1、表面张力把液体表面任意单位长度的收缩力称为表面张力，单位为N•m-1。2、表面活性和表面活性剂将能降低溶剂表面张力的性质称]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">1、表面张力</span><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">把液体表面任意单位长度的收缩力称为表面张力，单位为N•m-1。</p><p style="margin-top: -0.8em; margin-bottom: -0.8em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">2、表面活性和表面活性剂</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">将能降低溶剂表面张力的性质称为表面活性，而具有表面活性的物质称为表面活性物质。把能在水溶液中分子发生缔合且形成胶束等缔合体，并具有较高的表面活性，同时还具有润湿﹑乳化﹑起泡﹑洗涤等作用的表面活性物质称为表面活性剂。</p><p style="margin-top: -0.8em; margin-bottom: -0.8em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">3、表面活性剂的分子结构特点</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">表面活性剂是一种具有特殊结构和性质的有机化合物，它们能明显地改变两相间的界面张力或液体（一般为水）的表面张力，具有润湿﹑起泡﹑乳化﹑洗涤等性能。就结构而言，表面活性剂都有一个共同的特点，即其分子中含有两种不同性质的基团，一端是长链非极性基团，能溶于油而不溶于水，亦即所谓的疏水基团或<span class="">憎水基</span>，这种憎水基一般都是长链的碳氢化合物，有时也为有机氟﹑有机硅﹑有机磷﹑有机锡链等。另一端则是水溶性的基团，即<span class="">亲水基</span>团或亲水基。亲水基团必须有足够的亲水性，以保证整个表面活性剂能溶于水，并有必要的溶解度。由于表面活性剂含有亲水基和疏水基，因而它们至少能溶于液相中的某一相。表面活性剂的这种既亲水又亲油的性质称为两亲性。</p><p style="margin-top: -0.8em; margin-bottom: -0.8em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">4、表面活性剂的类型</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">表面活性剂是一种既有疏水基团又有亲水基团的两亲性分子。表面活性剂的疏水基团一般是由长链的碳氢构成，如直链烷基C8～C20，支链烷基C8～C20，烷基苯基（烷基碳原子数为8～16）等。疏水基团的差别主要是在碳氢链的结构变化上，差别较小，而亲水基团的种类则较多，所以表面活性剂的性质除与疏水基团的大小﹑形状有关外，主要还与亲水基团有关。亲水基团的结构变化较疏水基团大，因而表面活性剂的分类一般以亲水基团的结构为依据。这种分类是以亲水基团是否是离子型为主，将其分为阴离子型﹑阳离子型﹑非离子型﹑两性离子型和其他特殊类型的表面活性剂。</p><p style="margin-top: -0.8em; margin-bottom: -0.8em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">5、表面活性剂水溶液的特性</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">① 表面活性剂在界面上的吸附</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">表面活性剂分子中具有亲油基和亲水基，为两亲分子。水是强极性液体，当表面活性剂溶于水中时，根据极性相似相引﹑极性相异相斥原理，其亲水基与水相引而溶于水，其亲油基与水相斥而离开水，结果表面活性剂分子（或离子）吸附在两相界面上，使两相间的界面张力降低。表面活性剂分子（或离子）在界面上吸附越多，界面张力降低越大。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">② 吸附膜的一些性质</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">吸附膜的表面压力：表面活性剂在气液界面吸附形成吸附膜，如在界面上放置一无摩擦可移动浮片，以浮片沿溶液面推动吸附质膜，膜对浮片产生一压力，此压力称为表面压力。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">表面黏度：与表面压力一样，表面黏度是由不溶性分子膜表现出的一种性质。以细金属丝悬吊一白金环，令其平面接触水槽的水表面，旋转白金环，白金环受水的黏度阻碍，振幅逐渐衰减，据此可测定表面黏度，方法是：先在纯水表面进行实验，测出振幅衰减，然后测定形成表面膜后的衰减，从两者的差值求出表面膜的黏度。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">表面黏度与表面膜的牢固度密切有关，由于吸附膜有表面压力和黏度，它必定具有弹性。吸附膜的表面压力越大，黏度越高，其弹性模量就越大。表面吸附膜的弹性模量在稳泡过程中有重要意义。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">③ 胶束的形成</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">表面活性剂的稀溶液服从理想溶液所遵循的规律。表面活性剂在溶液表面的吸附量随溶液浓度增高而增多，当浓度达到或超过某值后，吸附量不再增加，这些过多的表面活性剂分子在溶液内是杂乱无章的，抑或以某种有规律的方式存在。实践和理论均表明，它们在溶液内形成缔合体，这种缔合体称为胶束。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span class="">临界胶束浓度</span>：表面活性剂在溶液中形成胶束的最低浓度称为临界胶束浓度。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">④常见表面活性剂的cmc值（略）。</span></p><p style="margin-top: -0.8em; margin-bottom: -0.8em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">6、亲水亲油平衡值</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">HLB是hydrophile lipophile balance的缩写，表示了表面活性剂的亲水基团和亲油基团具有的亲水亲油平衡值，即表面活性剂<span class="">HLB值</span>。HLB值大，表示分子的亲水性强，亲油性弱；反之亲油性强，亲水性弱。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">① HLB值的规定</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">HLB值是个相对值，故在制定HLB值时，作为标准，规定无亲水性能的石蜡的HLB值为0，而水溶性较强的十二烷基硫酸钠的HLB值为40。因此表面活性剂的HLB值一般在1～40范围以内。通常来说，HLB值小于10的乳化剂为亲油性的，而大于10的乳化剂则是亲水性的。因此，由亲油性到亲水性的转折点约为10。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">根据表面活性剂的HLB值，可大致了解其可能的用途，如表1-3所示。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">表1-3 HLB范围及其应用性能</p><table width="690"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">HLB值</td><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">用途</td><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">HLB值</td><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">用途</td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">1.5～3</td><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">W/O型消泡剂</td><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">8～18</td><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">O/W型乳化剂</td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">3.5～6</td><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">W/O型乳化剂</td><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">13～15</td><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">洗涤剂</td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">7～9</td><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">润湿剂</td><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">15～18</td><td style="border-color: rgb(211, 211, 211);line-height: 24px;padding: 3px 12px;">增溶剂</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">由上表可知，适合于作油包水型乳化剂的表面活性剂的HLB值为3.5～6，而水包油型乳化剂的HLB值为8～18。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">② HLB值的确定（略）。</span></p><p style="margin-top: -0.8em; margin-bottom: -0.8em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">7、乳化作用和增溶作用</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">两种互不溶的液体，一种以微粒（液滴或液晶）分散于另一种中形成的体系称为乳状液。形成乳状液时由于两液体的界面积增大，所以这种体系在热力学上是不稳定的，为使乳状液稳定需要加入第三组分—乳化剂以降低体系的界面能。乳化剂属于表面活性剂，其主要功能是起乳作用。乳状液中以液滴存在的那一相称为分散相（或内相﹑不连续相），连成一片的另一相叫做分散介质（或外相﹑连续相）。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">①乳化剂和乳状液</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">常见的乳状液，一相是水或水溶液，另一相是与水不相混溶的有机物，如油脂﹑蜡等。水和油形成的乳状液，根据其分散情形可分为两种：油分散在水中形成水包油型乳状液，以O/W（油/水）表示：水分散油中形成油包水型乳状液，以W/O（水/油）表示。此外还可能形成复杂的水包油包水W/O/W型和油包水包油O/W/O型的多元乳状液。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">乳化剂是通过降低界面张力和形成单分子界面膜使乳状液稳定的。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">在乳化作用中对乳化剂的要求：a：乳化剂必须能吸附或富集在两相的界面上，使界面张力降低；b：乳化剂必须赋予粒子以电荷，使粒子间产生静电排斥，或在粒子周围形成一层稳定的﹑黏度特别高的保护膜。所以，用作乳化剂的物质必须具有两亲基团才能起乳化作用，表面活性剂能满足这种要求。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">②乳化液的制备方法和影响乳状液稳定性的因素</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">制备乳状液的方法有两种：一种是采用机械法使液体以微小的粒子分散于另一种液体中，工业上多采用这种方法制备乳状液；另一种是将液体以分子状态溶于另一液体中，然后使其适当地聚集而形成乳状液。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">乳状液的稳定性是指反抗粒子聚集而导致相分离的能力。乳状液在热力学上是不稳定的体系，有较大的自由能。因此所谓乳状液的稳定性实际上是指体系达到平衡状态所需要的时间，即体系中一种液体发生分离所需要的时间。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">当界面膜中有脂肪醇﹑脂肪酸和脂肪胺等极性有机物分子时，膜强度显著增高。这是因为，在界面吸附层中乳化剂分子与醇﹑酸和胺等极性分子发生作用形成“复合物”，使界面膜强度增高的缘故。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">由两种以上表面活性剂组成的乳化剂称为混合乳化剂。混合乳化剂吸附在水/油界面上，分子间发生作用可形成络合物。由于分子间强烈作用，界面张力显著降低，乳化剂在界面上吸附量显著增多，形成的界面膜密度增大，强度增高。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">液珠的电荷对乳状液的稳定性有明显的影响。稳定的乳状液，其液珠一般都带有电荷。当使用离子型乳化剂时，吸附在界面上的乳化剂离子其亲油基插入油相，亲水基处于水相，从而使液珠带电。由于乳状液的液珠带同种电荷，它们之间相互排斥，不易聚结，使稳定性增高。可见，液珠上吸附的乳化剂离子越多，其带电量越大，防止液珠聚结能力也越大，乳状液体系就越稳定。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">乳状液分散介质的黏度对乳状液的稳定性有一定影响。一般，分散介质的黏度越大，乳状液的稳定性越高。这是因为分散介质的黏度大，对液珠的布朗运动阻碍作用强，减缓了液珠之间碰撞，使体系保持稳定。通常能溶于乳状液的高分子物质均能增高体系的黏度，使乳状液的稳定性增高。此外高分子还能形成坚固的界面膜，使乳状液体系更加稳定。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">在某些情况下加入固体粉未也能使乳状液趋于稳定。固体粉未处于水﹑油中或界面上，取决于油﹑水对固体粉未的润湿能力，若固体粉未完全为水润湿，又能被油润湿，才会滞留于水油界面上。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">固体粉未使乳状液稳定的原因在于，聚集于界面的粉未增强了界面膜，这与界面吸附乳化剂分子相似，故固体粉未料子在界面上排列得越紧密，乳状液越稳定。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">表面活性剂在水溶液中形成胶束后具有能使不溶或微溶于水的有机物的溶解度显著增大的能力，且此时溶液呈透明状，胶束的这种作用称为增溶。能产生增溶作用的表面活性剂叫做增溶剂，被增溶的有机物称为被增溶物。</p><p style="margin-top: -0.8em; margin-bottom: -0.8em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">8、泡沫</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">泡沫在洗涤过程中起着重要的作用。泡沫是指气体分散在液体或固体中的分散体系，气体为分散相，液体或固体为分散介质，前者称为液体泡沫，而后者称为固体泡沫，如泡沫塑料，泡沫玻璃，泡沫水泥等。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">(1) 泡沫的形成</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">我们这里所说的泡沫，是指被液体薄膜隔开的气泡的聚集物。这种泡沫由于分散相（气体）和分散介质（液体）的密度相差较大，加之液体的黏度低，因此气泡总是能很快地升到液面。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">形成泡沫的过程是将大量气体带入液体，液体中的气泡又很快返回到液面，形成由少量液气隔开的气泡聚集体</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">泡沫在形态上具有两个显著的特点：其一是作为分散相的气泡常常是呈多面体形状，这是因为在气泡的相交处，有一种液膜变薄的趋势使气泡成为多面体，当液膜变薄到一定程度，则导致气泡破裂；其二是，纯净液不能形成稳定的泡沫，能形成泡沫的液体，至少是两个以上的组分。表面活性剂的水溶液是典型的易产生泡沫的体系，其生成泡沫的能力与其他性能也有一定的关系。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">起泡力好的表面活性剂称为起泡剂。起泡剂尽管具有良好的泡沫能力，但形成的泡沫不一定能维持较长的时间，即其稳定性不一定良好。为了保持泡沫的稳定，常在起泡剂中加入能增加泡沫稳定性的物质，这种物质称为稳泡剂，常用的稳泡剂有月桂酰二乙醇胺和十二烷基二甲基胺的氧化物。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">(2) 泡沫的稳定性</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">泡沫是一种热力学不稳定体系，最后的趋势是破泡之后体系内液体的总表面积减小，自由能降低。消泡过程就是隔开气体的液膜由厚变薄，直至破裂的过程。因此，泡沫的稳定程度主要是由排液快慢和液膜的强度决定的。其影响因素还有以下几种。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">①表面张力</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">从能量观点考虑，低表面张力对于泡沫的形成比较有利，但不能保证泡沫稳定。表面张力低，压差小，排液速度变慢，液膜变薄较慢，有利于泡沫的稳定。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">②表面黏度</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">决定泡沫稳定性的关键因素在于液膜强度，而液膜强度主要决定于表面吸附膜的坚固性，以表面黏度为其量度。实验证明，表面黏度较大的溶液所生成的泡沫寿命较长。这是因为表面吸附分子间的相互作用导致膜强度增大，从而提高泡沫的寿命。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">③溶液黏度</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">当液体本身的黏度增大时，液膜中的液体不易排出，液膜厚度变薄的速度较慢，延缓了液膜破裂的时间，增加了泡沫的稳定性。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">④表面张力的“修复”作用</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">表面活性剂吸附于表面的液膜，有反抗液膜表面扩张或收缩的能力，我们将这一能力称为修复作用。这是因为有表面活性剂在表面上吸附的液膜，扩张其表面积将降低表面吸附分子的浓度，增大表面张力。进一步扩大表面将需要做更大的功。反之表面积收缩将增加表面吸附分子的浓度，即减小表面张力，不利于进一步的收缩。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">⑤气体通过液膜的扩散</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">由于毛细压力的存在，泡沫中小泡的压力要比大泡压力高，会造成小泡中的气体透过液膜扩散到低压的大泡中，造成小泡变小，大泡变大，最终泡沫破裂的现象。如果加入表面活性剂，发泡时则可使泡沫均匀细密，不易消泡。由于表面活性剂紧密排列在液膜上，透气困难，而使泡沫更加稳定。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">⑥表面电荷的影响</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">如果泡沫液膜带有相同符号的电荷，液膜两个表面将互相排斥，防止了液膜变薄乃至破坏。离子型表面活性剂可起这种稳定作用。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">综上所述，液膜强度是决定泡沫稳定性的关键因素。作为起泡剂和稳泡剂的表面活性剂，其表面吸附分子排列的紧密性和牢固性是最重要的因素。表面吸附分子相互作用强时，吸附分子排列结构紧密，这不仅使表面膜本身具有较高的强度，而且因表面黏度较高使邻近表面膜的溶液不易流动，液膜排液相对困难，液膜的厚度易于维持。此外，排列紧密的表面分子还能减低气体分子的透过性从而也可增加泡沫的稳定性。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">(3) 泡沫的破坏</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">破坏泡沫的基本原则就是改变产生泡沫的条件或消除泡沫的稳定因素，因而有物理和化学两种消泡方法。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">物理消泡就是在维持泡沫溶液的化学成分不变的情况下改变泡沫产生的条件，如外力的扰动﹑温度或压力的改变以及超声处理等都是消除泡沫的有效物理方法。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">化学消泡法是加入某些物质与起泡剂发生作用，降低泡沫中液膜的强度进而降低泡沫的稳定性以达到消泡的目的，这样的物质称为消泡剂。消泡剂大多数为表面活性剂。因此根据消泡的作用机理，消泡剂应当具有较强的降低表面张力的能力，容易吸附在表面上，且表面吸附分子间的相互作用较弱，吸附分子排列结构较为疏松。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">消泡剂的种类多种多样，但基本上都为非离子表面活性剂。非离子表面活性剂在其浊点附近或浊点以上时具有防泡性能，常用作消泡剂。醇类，特别是有分支结构的醇﹑脂肪酸及脂肪酸酯﹑多酰胺﹑磷酸酯﹑硅油等也是常用的优良消泡剂。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">(4) 泡沫与洗涤</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">泡沫与洗涤作用并没有直接的联系，泡沫量的多少并不表示洗涤效果的好坏。例如非离子表面活性剂的起泡性能远不如肥皂，但其去污力却比肥皂优异得多。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">在某些情况下，泡沫在去除污垢方面还是有帮助的。例如：家庭洗涤餐具时，洗涤液的泡沫可以将洗下来的油滴带走；擦洗地毯时，泡沫有助于带走尘土﹑粉未等固体污垢。另外，泡沫有时可以作为洗涤液是否有效的一个标志，因为脂肪性油污对洗涤液的泡沫有抑制作用，当油污过多﹑洗涤剂量少时，就不会有泡沫生成，或使原来的泡沫消失。泡沫有时还可以作为漂洗是否干净的指示剂，因为漂洗液中泡沫量往往随洗涤剂含量的减少而减少，因此可以泡沫量的多少来评价漂洗的程度。</p><p style="margin-top: -0.8em; margin-bottom: -0.8em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">9、洗涤过程</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">从广义上讲，洗涤是从被洗涤对象中除去不需要的成分并达到某种目的的过程。通常意义的洗涤是指从载体表面去除污垢的过程。在洗涤时，通过一些化学物质（如洗涤剂等）的作用以减弱或消除污垢与载体之间的相互作用，使污垢与载体的结合转变为污垢与洗涤剂的结合，最终使污垢与载体脱离，因被洗涤对象和要清除的污垢是多种多样的，因此洗涤是一个十分复杂的过程，洗涤作用的基本过程可用如下简单关系表示</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">载体••污垢+洗涤剂=载体+污垢•洗涤剂</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">洗涤过程通常可分为两个阶段：一是在洗涤剂的作用下，污垢与其载体分离；二是脱离的污垢被分散﹑悬浮于介质中。洗涤过程是一个可逆过程，分散﹑悬浮于介质中的污垢也有可能从介质中重新沉淀到被洗物上。因此，一种优良的洗涤剂除了具有使污垢脱离载体的能力外，还应有较好的分散和悬浮污垢﹑防止污垢再沉积的能力。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">(1) 污垢的种类</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">即使是同一种物品，如果使用环境不同，则污垢的种类﹑成分和数量也会不同。油体污垢主要是一些动﹑植物油及矿物油（如原油﹑燃料油﹑煤焦油等），固体污垢主要是烟尘﹑灰土﹑铁锈﹑炭黑等。就衣服的污垢而言，有来自人体的污垢，如汗﹑皮脂﹑血等；来自食品的污垢，如水果渍﹑食用油渍﹑调味品渍﹑淀粉等；有化妆品带来的污垢，如唇膏﹑指甲油等；从大气中来的污垢，如烟尘﹑灰尘﹑泥土等；其他如墨水﹑茶水﹑涂料等。可以说形形色色，种类繁多。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">各种各样的污垢通常可分为固体污垢﹑液体污垢和特殊污垢三大类。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">①固体污垢&nbsp;</span>常见的固体污垢有灰﹑泥﹑土﹑铁锈和炭黑等颗粒。这些颗粒表面大多带有电荷，多数带负电，容易吸附在纤维物品上。一般固体污垢较难溶于水，但可被洗涤剂溶液分散﹑悬浮。质点较小的固体污垢，除去较为困难。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">②液体污垢&nbsp;</span>液体污垢大都是油溶性的，包括动植油﹑脂肪酸﹑脂肪醇﹑矿物油及其氧化物等。其中动植物油﹑脂肪酸类能与碱发生皂化作用，而脂肪醇 ﹑矿物油则不为碱所皂化，但能溶于醇﹑醚和烃类有机溶剂，并被洗涤剂水溶液乳化和分散。油溶性液体污垢一般与纤维物品具有较强的作用力，在纤维上吸附较为牢固。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">③特殊污垢</span>&nbsp;特殊污垢有蛋白质﹑淀粉﹑血﹑人体分泌物如汗﹑皮脂﹑尿以及果汁﹑茶汁等。这类污垢大多能通过化学作用而较强地吸附在纤维物品上。故洗涤起来比较困难。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">各种污垢很少单独存在，往往是混在一起，共同吸附在物品上。污垢有时在外界的影响下还会氧化﹑分解或腐败，从而产生新的污垢。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">(2) 污垢的黏附作用</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">衣服﹑手等之所以能沾上污垢，是因为物体与污垢之间存在着某种相互作用。污垢在物体上的黏附作用多种多样，但不外乎物理性黏附和化学黏附两种。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">①烟灰﹑尘土﹑泥沙﹑炭黑等在衣物上的黏附属物理黏附</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">一般来说，通过这种黏附的污垢，与被沾污的物体之间的作用相对较弱，污垢的去除也比较容易。依作用力的不同，污垢的物理黏附又可分为机械力黏附和静电力黏附。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">A：机械力黏附 这一类黏附主要指的是一些固体污垢（如尘土﹑泥沙）的黏附作用。机械力黏附是污垢比较弱的一种黏附方式，几乎可以用单纯的机械方法将污垢去除掉，但当污垢的质点比较小时（﹤0.1um），去除起来比较困难。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">B：静电力黏附 静电力黏附主要表现在带电的污垢粒子在异性电荷物体上的作用。大多数纤维性物品在水中带负电，很容易被某些带正电荷的污垢，如石灰类所黏附。有些污垢尽管带负电荷，如水溶液中的炭黑粒子，但可以通过水中的正离子（如Ca2+﹑Mg2+等）所形成的离子桥（离子在多个异性电荷之间，与它们共同作用，起类似桥梁的作用）附着在纤维上。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">静电作用比简单的机械作用要强，因而污垢去除相对困难些。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">②化学黏附</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">化学黏附是指污垢通过化学键或氢键作用到物体上的现象。如极性固体污垢﹑蛋白质﹑铁锈等在纤维物品上的黏附，纤维中含有羧基﹑羟基﹑酰胺等基团，这些基团和油性污垢的脂肪酸﹑脂肪醇容易形成氢键。化学作用力一般比较强，因而污垢在物体上结合得较为牢固。这类污垢用通常的方法很难去除，需采用特殊的方法来处理。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">污垢黏附的牢固程度与污垢本身的性质和被黏附物的性质有关。一般颗粒容易在纤维性物品上黏附。固体污垢质点越小，则黏附得越牢固。亲水性物体如棉花﹑玻璃等表面上的极性污垢要比非极性污垢黏附得更牢固。而非极性污垢的黏附强度比极性污垢如极性脂肪﹑灰尘﹑黏土等要大，更不容易去除和清洗。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">(3) 污垢的去除机理</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">洗涤的目的在于去除污垢。在一定温度的介质中（主要以水为介质）。利用洗涤剂所产生的各种物理化学作用，减弱或消除污垢与被洗物品的作用，在一定的机械力作用下（如手搓﹑洗衣机的搅动﹑水的冲击），使污垢与被洗物品脱离，达到去污的目的。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">①液体污垢的去除机理</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">A：润湿 液体污垢大多为油性污垢。油污能润湿大部分的纤维物品，在纤维材料的表面上或多或少扩散成一层油膜。洗涤作用的第一步，是洗涤液润湿表面。为说明方便，可将纤维的表面看成是平滑的固体表面。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">B：油污的脱离-卷缩机理 洗涤作用的第二步是油污的去除，液体污垢的去除是用一种卷缩的方式来实现的。液体污垢原来是以铺开的油膜形式存在于表面上，在洗涤液对固体表面（即纤维表面）优先润湿作用下，逐级卷缩成为油珠，被洗涤液替换下来，在一定外力作用下最终离开表面。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">②固体污垢的去除机理</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">液体污垢的去除，主要是通过洗涤液对污垢载体的优先润湿，而对于固体污垢的去除机理则有所不同，在洗涤过程中，主要是洗涤液对污垢质点及其载体表面的润湿。由于表面活性剂在固体污垢及其载体表面的吸附，减小了污垢与表面之间的相互作用，降低了污垢质点在表面的黏附强度，因而污垢质点容易从载体表面上除去。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">不仅如此，表面活性剂，尤其是离子型表面活性剂，在固体污垢及其载体表面上的吸附有可能增加固体污垢及其载体表面的表面电势，更有利于污垢的去除。固体或一般纤维表面在水介质中通常带负电，因此，在污垢质点或固体表面上能形成扩散双电层。由于同性电荷相斥，因此，水中污垢质点在固体表面上的黏附强度会有所减弱。当加入阴离子表面活性剂时，由于阴离子表面活性剂能同时提高污垢质点及固体表面的负表面电势，使它们之间的排斥力更为增强，因而，质点的黏附强度更加降低，污垢更易于除去。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">非离子表面活性剂在一般带电的固体表面上都能产生吸附，尽管不能明显改变界面电势，但吸附的非离子表面活性剂往往在表面上形成一定厚度的吸附层，有助于防止污垢再沉积。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">对于阳离子表面活性剂，由于它们的吸附会使污垢质点及其载体表面的负表面电势降低或消除，这使得污垢与表面之间的排斥降低，因而不利于去除污垢；再者，阳离子表面活性剂在固体表面吸附以后，往往将固体表面变成疏水性，因而不利于表面的润湿，也就不利于洗涤。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">③特殊污垢的去除</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">蛋白质﹑淀粉﹑人体分泌物﹑果汁﹑茶汁等这类污垢用一般的表面活性剂难以除去，需采用特殊的处理方法。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">像奶油﹑鸡蛋﹑血液﹑牛奶﹑皮肤排泄物等蛋白质污垢容易在纤维上凝结变性，黏附较为牢固。对于蛋白质污垢，可以利用蛋白酶将其除去。其中的蛋白酶能将污垢中的蛋白质分解成水溶性氨基酸或<span class="">低聚肽</span>。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">淀粉污垢主要来自于食品，其他的如肉汁﹑糨糊等，淀粉酶对淀粉类污垢的水解有催化作用，使淀粉分解成糖类。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">脂肪酶能催化分解一些用通常方法难以除去的三脂肪酸甘油酯类污垢，如人体分泌的皮脂﹑食用油脂等，使三脂肪酸甘油酯分解成可溶性的甘油和脂肪酸。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">一些来自果汁﹑茶汁﹑墨水﹑唇膏等有颜色的污渍，即使反复洗涤也常常难以彻底洗干净。此类污渍可以通过一些像漂白粉之类的氧化剂或还原剂进行氧化还原反应，破坏生色基团或助色基团的结构，使之降解成较小的水溶性成分而除去。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">(4) 干洗的去污机理</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">以上所说实际上是针对以水为介质的洗涤作用。实际上，由于衣物的种类和结构不同，某些衣物采用水洗方式不方便或不容易洗干净，有的衣物水洗后甚至变形﹑褪色等，例如：大部分天然纤维吸水易于膨胀，而干燥后又容易缩水，因此经水洗后会变形；经水洗的羊毛制品也常出现缩水现象，一些毛纺制品用水洗后还容易起球﹑颜色走样；一些丝绸用水洗后手感变差﹑失去光泽等。对于这些衣物常常采用干洗的方法进行去污。所谓的干洗一般是指在有机溶剂特别是在非极性溶剂中的洗涤方式。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">相对于水洗，干洗是一种比较温和的洗涤方式。因为干洗并不需要太大的机械作用，对衣物不至于造成损伤﹑起皱和变形，同时干洗剂不像水那样，很少产生膨胀和收缩作用。只要技术处理得当，就可以使衣物干洗后达到不变形﹑不褪色和延长使用寿命等优良效果。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">从干洗角度来说，各种污垢大致有以下三种。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">①油溶性污垢</span>&nbsp;油溶性污垢包括各种油和油脂，是液体或油腻状，可溶于干洗溶剂。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">②水溶性污垢</span>&nbsp;水溶性污垢可溶于水溶液，但不溶于干洗剂，是以水溶液状态吸附在衣物上，水挥发后析出颗粒状固体，如无机盐﹑淀粉﹑蛋白质等。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">③油水不溶性污垢</span>&nbsp;油水不溶性污垢既不溶于水，也不溶于干洗溶剂，如炭黑﹑各种金属的硅酸盐和氧化物等。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">由于各种污垢的性质不同，因而在干洗过程中对于污垢的去除存在不同的作用方式。油溶性污垢，如动植油﹑矿物油和油脂等，易溶于有机溶剂，在干洗中较容易除去。干洗溶剂对油和油脂极好的溶解能力实质上来自分子间的范德华作用力。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">对于水溶性污垢如无机盐﹑糖类﹑蛋白质﹑汗等的去除，还必须在干洗剂中加入适量的水，否则水溶性污垢难以从衣物中去除。但水较难溶于干洗剂中，因此为增加水的量，还需加入表面活性剂。干洗剂中存在的水能使污垢及衣物的表面水化，从而容易与表面活性剂的极性基团发生相互作用，有利于表面活性剂在表面的吸附。此外，在表面活性剂形成胶束时，水溶性污垢及水能被增溶进胶束中。表面活性剂除能增加干洗溶剂中水的含量外，还能起到防止污垢再沉积的作用，以增强去污效果。少量水的存在对去除水溶性污垢是必要的，但过量的水会导致一些衣物变形﹑起皱等，故干洗剂中水的含量必须适度。既非水溶性也非油溶性的污垢如灰﹑泥﹑土和炭黑等固体颗粒一般以静电力吸附或与油污结合附着在衣物上。在干洗中，溶剂的流动﹑冲击能使以静电力吸附的污垢脱落下来，而干洗剂能溶解油污，使与油污相结合并附着在衣物上的固体颗粒脱落于干洗剂中，干洗剂中的少量水和表面活性剂，则使那些脱落下来的固体污垢粒子能稳定地悬浮﹑分散，防止其再沉积到衣物上。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">(5) 影响洗涤作用的因素</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">表面活性剂在界面上的定向吸附以及表面（界面）张力的降低是液体或固体污垢去除的主要因素。但洗涤过程较为复杂，即使同一类洗涤剂的洗涤效果还受到其他许多因素的影响。这些因素包括洗涤剂的浓度﹑温度﹑污垢的性质﹑纤维的种类﹑织物的组织结构等。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">①表面活性剂的浓度</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">溶液中表面活性剂的胶束在洗涤过程中起到重要作用。当浓度达到临界胶束浓度(cmc)时，洗涤效果急剧增加。因此溶剂中洗涤剂的浓度应高于cmc值，才有良好的洗涤效果。但是当表面活性剂的浓度高于cmc值后，洗涤效果递增就不明显了，过多的增加表面活性剂的浓度是没有必要的。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">借助增溶作用去除油污时，即使浓度在cmc值以上，增溶作用仍随表面活性剂浓度的提高而增加。这时就宜在局部集中使用洗涤剂，例如在衣服的袖口和衣领处污垢较多，洗涤时可先涂沫一层洗涤剂，以提高表面活性剂对油污的增溶效果。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">②温度对去污作用有很重要的影响</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">总的来说，提高温度有利于污垢的去除，但有时温度过高也会引起不利因素。温度提高有利于污垢的扩散，固体油垢在温度高于其熔点时易被乳化，纤维也因温度提高而增加膨化程度，这些因素都有利于污垢的去除。但是对于紧密织物，纤维膨化后纤维之间的微隙减小了，这对污垢的去除是不利的。温度变化还影响到表面活性剂的溶解度﹑cmc值﹑胶束量大小等，从而影响洗涤效果。长碳链的表面活性剂温度低时溶解度较小，有时溶解度甚至低于cmc值，此时就应适当提高洗涤温度。温度对cmc值及胶束量大小的影响，对于离子型和非离子型表面活性剂是不同的，对离子型表面活性剂，温度升高一般能使cmc值上升而胶束量减小，这就意味着在洗涤溶液中要提高表面活性剂的浓度。对于非离子型表面活性剂，温度升高，导致其cmc值减小，而胶束量显著增加，可见适当提高温度，有助于非离子型表面活性剂发挥其表面活性作用。但温度不宜超过其浊点。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">总之，最适宜的洗涤温度与洗涤剂的配方及被洗涤的对象有关。有些洗涤剂在室温下就有良好的洗涤效果，而有些洗涤剂冷洗和热洗的去污效果相差很多。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">③泡沫</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">人们习惯上往往把发泡能力与洗涤效果混为一谈，认为发泡力强的洗涤剂洗涤效果好。研究结果表明，洗涤效果与泡沫的多少并没有直接关系。例如，用低泡洗涤剂进行洗涤，其洗涤效果并不比高泡洗涤剂差。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">泡沫虽与洗涤没有直接关系，但在某些场合下，泡沫还是有助于去除污垢的，例如，手洗餐具时洗涤液的泡沫可以将洗下来的油滴携带走。擦洗地毯时，泡沫也可以带走尘土等固体污垢粒子，地毯污垢中尘土占很大比例，因此地毯清洗剂应具有一定的发泡能力。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">发泡力对于洗发香波也是重要的，洗发或沐浴时液体产生的细密泡沫使人感到润滑舒适。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">④纤维的品种和纺织品的物理特性</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">除了纤维的化学结构影响污垢的黏附和去除外，纤维的外观形态以及纱线和织物的组织结构对污垢去除的难易均有影响。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">羊毛纤维的鳞片和棉纤维弯曲的扁平带状结构比光滑的纤维更易积累污垢。例如，沾在纤维素膜（黏胶薄膜）上的炭黑容易去除，而沾在棉织物上的炭黑就难以洗脱。又如聚酯的短纤维织物比长纤维织物容易积聚油污，短纤维织物上的油污也比长纤维织物上的油污难以去除。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;">紧捻的纱线和紧密织物，由于纤维之间的微隙较小，能抗拒污垢的侵入，但同样也能阻止洗涤液把内部污垢排除出去，故紧密织物开始时抗污性好，但一经沾污洗涤也比较困难。</p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="font-synthesis: style;font-weight: 600;">⑤水的硬度</span></p><p style="margin-top: 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">水中Ca2+﹑Mg2+等金属离子的浓度对洗涤效果的影响很大，特别是阴离子表面活性剂遇到 Ca2+﹑Mg2+离子形成的钙﹑镁盐溶解性均较差，会降低它的去污能力。在硬水中即使表面活性剂的浓度较高，其去污效果仍比在蒸馏中差得多。要使表面活性剂发挥最佳洗涤效果，水中 Ca2+离子浓度要降到1×10-6mol/L(CaCO3要降到0.1mg/L)以下。这就需要在洗涤剂中加入各种软水剂。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-10-11 12:57:39</pubDate></item><item id="115"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂的增稠机理]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202410/115.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/125738511.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[表面活性剂一般是由疏水基和亲水基两部分组成。分子中具有不对称的结构，一部分易溶于水，常见的基团有羧基、硫酸基、磺酸基和季]]></description><content><![CDATA[<section><section><section><section><section><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/125454701.jpg" title="" alt="" width="495" height="327"/></section><section><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(81, 79, 79); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgba(73, 176, 190, 0.047); overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 12px;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br/></span></span></strong></section></section><section><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: left; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; margin: 10px auto; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">表面活性剂一般是由疏水基和<span class="">亲水基</span>两部分组成。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">分子中具有不对称的结构，一部分易溶于水，常见的基团有羧基、硫酸基、<span class="">磺酸基</span>和季铵基；</span><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">另一部分不溶于水，一般含有C8～C18碳的直链烃。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-align: center;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;caret-color: red;font-family: Calibri;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/125507361.jpg" title="" alt="" width="524" height="184"/>&nbsp;</span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(84, 141, 212);font-family: 宋体;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">表面活性剂在水溶液中随着浓度的增加，排列变化图：</span></strong></span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; text-align: center;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: 宋体;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/125519781.jpg" title="" alt="" width="501" height="167"/>&nbsp;</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: red;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 14px;font-family: 宋体;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">CMC：<span class="">临界胶束浓度</span></span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(84, 141, 212);font-family: 宋体;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">常见的几种胶束类型示意图：</span></strong></span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: Calibri;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/125530861.jpg" title="" alt="" width="458" height="165"/>&nbsp;</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: Calibri;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(84, 141, 212);font-family: 宋体;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">随着表面活性剂浓度的增加，胶束会组合成液晶，主要有以下几种类型：</span></strong></span></p><p><section><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: Calibri;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/125540861.jpg" title="" alt="" width="515" height="309"/>&nbsp;</span></section></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(84, 141, 212);font-family: 宋体;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">溶液中随表面活性剂量的增大，通常其排列变化如下：</span></strong></span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(84, 141, 212);font-family: 宋体;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></strong></span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/125551211.jpg" title="" alt="" width="496" height="230"/></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(84, 141, 212);font-family: 宋体;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">在表面活性剂水溶液体系中，增稠的途径一般有以下几种：</span></strong></span></p><p><section><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section><section><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1、添加电解质，如NaCl；</p><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2、添加小分子增稠剂，如638、DOE120；</p><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3、增加表面活性剂浓度或复配其它表面活性剂，如6501、<span class="">CMEA</span>、CMMEA。</p></section></section></section></section></section></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>0<span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">添加电解质（NaCl）</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: Calibri;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/125614181.jpg" title="" alt="" width="506" height="290"/>&nbsp;</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section><section><section><section>0<span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">638的增稠机理</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: Calibri;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;<img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/125630231.jpg" title="" alt="" width="554" height="246"/></span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section><section><section><section>0<span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3&nbsp;</span><span class="" style="font-size: 15px;">非离子表面活性剂</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">增稠机理</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: Calibri;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/125654581.jpg" title="" alt="" width="517" height="229"/>&nbsp;</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: Calibri;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(84, 141, 212);font-family: 宋体;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">常规表面活性剂增稠机理俯视图：</span></strong></span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: Calibri;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/11/125706971.jpg" title="" alt="" width="506" height="246"/>&nbsp;</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(84, 141, 212);font-family: 宋体;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">表面活性剂溶液胶束：</span></strong></span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; margin: 8px auto 10px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);">1、表面活性剂胶束：低聚体、球状胶束、棒球、状胶束、六角束、层状胶束、反胶束</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; margin: 8px auto 10px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);">2、六角束时体系粘度最高</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; margin: 8px auto 10px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);">3、胶束过大则溶液变浑浊</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; margin: 8px auto 10px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p><section><section><section><section><strong>01 影响表面活性剂溶液粘度的因素</strong></section></section><section><section><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1、表面活性剂浓度越高则粘度越大</p><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2、AEO降粘、CMEA增粘</p><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3、电解质使体系粘度增加</p><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4、小分子有机极性物（如尿素、二甲苯磺酸盐使体系粘度降低）</p><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5、温度升高，胶束变小，体系粘度降低</p><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6、PEO（高分子量聚氧乙烯）可使体系20-25℃粘度最高</p></section></section></section></section></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p><section><section><section><section>02 影响表面活性剂体系透明度的因素</section></section><section><section><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1、表面活性剂胶束不能太大，会使体系浑浊（电解质不能太多、注意温度的影响）</p><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2、表面活性剂胶束加溶作用使少量的“油”存在而体系透明（如香精）</p><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3、过多电解质影响表面活性剂加溶作用</p></section></section></section></section></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-10-11 12:52:52</pubDate></item><item id="113"><title><![CDATA[两性离子表面活性剂的洗涤特点]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202410/113.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/09/223720331.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[两性表面活性剂指兼有阴离子和阳离子性亲水基的表面活性剂,因此这种表面活性剂在酸性溶液中呈阳离子性,在碱性溶液中呈阴离子性,]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/09/223711301.jpg" title="" alt="" width="327" height="307"/></p><p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">两性表面活性剂指兼有阴离子和阳离子性亲水基的表面活性剂,因此这种表面活性剂在酸性溶液中呈阳离子性,在碱性溶液中呈阴离子性,而在中性溶液中有类似非离子的性质。两性表面活性剂易溶于水,溶于较浓的酸、碱溶液,甚至在无机盐的浓溶液中也能溶解,耐硬水性好,对皮肤刺激性小,织物柔软性好,抗静电性好,有良好的杀菌作用,与各种表面活性剂的相容性好。</p><p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">这类产品在较宽的ｐＨ范围内都可应用,但从不同酸碱介质条件下所对应的离子状态来看,在酸性和中性条件下所表现的性能应该比碱性条件下更好。一般来说,两性离子表面活性剂的价格高于非离子表面活性剂。</p><p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">重要的两性表面活性剂品种有十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱、羧酸盐型咪唑啉等。与阴离子表面活性剂比较,非离子表面活性剂的性能更全面,缺陷少———仅去污力和起泡性差一些;与非离子表面活性剂比较,两性表面活性剂的某些性能更优,其余性能也不落后。两性表面活性剂比一般非离子表面活性剂有更好的发泡能力———ＡＥ的发泡能力差;更好的杀菌能力———相对非离子和阴离子;更好的调理性。因此,在液体洗涤剂中,两性表面活性剂主要是应用于洗发香波,其次是淋浴液等皮肤清洁剂。</p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-10-09 22:36:46</pubDate></item><item id="111"><title><![CDATA[阴离子表面活性剂的洗涤特点]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202410/111.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/09/223611881.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[2.阴离子表面活性剂2.1阴离子表面活性剂磺酸盐此类活性剂常见的有直链烷基苯磺酸钠和α-烯基磺酸钠。直链烷基苯磺酸钠别名ＬＡＳ]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;font-weight: 700;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/09/223559941.jpg" title="" alt="" width="455" height="294"/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;font-weight: 700;">2.<span class="">阴离子表面活性剂</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">2.1阴离子表面活性剂磺酸盐此类活性剂常见的有直链烷基苯磺酸钠和<span class="">α-烯基磺酸钠</span>。直链烷基苯磺酸钠别名ＬＡＳ或ＡＢＳ,为白色或淡黄色粉状或片状固体,可溶于水,虽然在较低温度下水溶性较差,常温下在水中的溶解度是3以下,但在复配表面活性剂体系中溶解性很好。它对碱、稀酸和<span class="">硬水</span>都比较稳定,分解温度240℃。10%溶液刺激指数5.0,微生物降解率80%～90%,ＬＤ50为1300～2500ｍｇ/ｋｇ。]</p><p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">α-烯基磺酸钠别名ＡＯＳ。活性物含量38%～40%时,外观为黄色透明液体,极易溶于水。它在广泛的ｐＨ值范围内都有较好的稳定性;30℃3天,ｐＨ2、ｐＨ4、ｐＨ10,<span class="">水解率</span>均为0。它对皮肤的刺激性小,微生物降解率为100%,ＬＤ50为1300～2400ｍｇ/ｋｇ。其中,ＬＡＳ一般不用于洗发香波,也很少用于淋浴液,常用于衣用液体洗涤剂和洗洁精(餐具液洗剂)。其在洗洁精中ＬＡＳ可占表面活性剂总量的一半左右,在衣用液体洗涤剂中ＬＡＳ所占比例的实际调节范围很宽。</p><p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">ＬＡＳ的水溶性主要是体现在较高温度之下(如60℃)和与某些表面活性剂复配的条件下。应用于洗洁精比较典型的复配体系是三元体系“ＬＡＳ-ＡＥＳ-ＦＦＡ”。应用于衣用液体洗涤剂的复配体系有“ＬＡＳ-皂基-η·ＳＡＡ”。值得注意的是,ＬＡＳ直接与<span class="">非离子表面活性剂</span>烷基醇酰胺复配不一定能取得好的效果,“ＬＡＳ-ＦＦＡ”体系不稳定且粘度小和外观为白乳状。ＬＡＳ是产量最大(290ｋｔ/ａ),价格最便宜的合成表面活性剂品种。ＬＡＳ在产量居前5位的合成表面活性剂中价格最低,在常见阴离子表面活性剂中与皂基(脂肪酯皂)相当。ＬＡＳ突出的优点是稳定性好、去污力好、价格低廉,突出的缺点是刺激性大。</p><p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">ＡＯＳ在磺酸盐品种中,性能最好,具有一般磺酸盐的优点或其优点更为突出,而不具有一般磺酸盐的缺陷。ＡＯＳ是洗发香波和淋浴液中常见使用的主表面活性剂之一。在其它液体洗涤剂中的应用也会随产品国产化的实现(价格下降)而逐步增多。ＡＯＳ突出的优点是稳定性好,水溶性好,配伍性好,刺激性小,微生物降解也非常理想;突出的缺点是价格在阴离子表面活性剂中是较贵的。</p><p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;font-weight: 700;">2.2阴离子表面活性剂硫酸盐</span></p><p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">此类活性剂常见的有脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠。脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠别名ＡＥＳ,醇醚硫酸钠。它易溶于水,活性物含量70%时外观为淡黄色粘稠液体(半透明),稳定性次于一般磺酸盐。在ｐＨ4以下很快水解,但在碱性环境下水解稳定性好。在30℃3天,ｐＨ2、ｐＨ4、ｐＨ10条件下,水解率分别是100%和50%及0。刺激性小,10%溶液刺激指数2.3。生物降解率为90%以上。ＬＤ50为1800ｍｇ/ｋｇ。</p><p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">十二烷基硫酸钠别名ＡＳ、Ｋ12、椰油醇硫酸钠,月桂醇硫酸钠、发泡剂。它溶于水,25℃水中溶解度15左右,但水溶程度次于ＡＥＳ。对碱和硬水不敏感,但在酸性条件下稳定性次于一般磺酸盐,接近于ＡＥＳ,长期加热不宜超过95℃,刺激性在表面活性剂中层中等水平,10%溶液刺激指数3.3,高于ＡＥＳ,低于ＬＡＳ。ＬＤ50为1300ｍｇ/ｋｇ。</p><p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">ＡＥＳ在洗发香波、淋浴液、餐具液体洗涤剂(洗洁精),衣用液体洗涤剂中都可应用。在应用时如果ｐＨ值质量指标允许,应尽可能把ｐＨ值调高些,如中性或偏碱性。当必须在ｐＨ值较低的条件下(洗发香波中)使用ＡＥＳ时,一般是使用其乙醇胺盐。ＡＥＳ的水溶性比ＡＳ更好;在常温下本身就可配成任何比例的透明水溶液。ＡＥＳ不仅比ＬＡＳ在液体洗涤剂中的应用更为广泛,同时配伍性更好;能够与许多表面活性剂二元复配或多元复配成透明水溶液。ＡＥＳ在合成表面活性剂中,产量居第三,价格低于ＡＳ,2002年70%ＡＥＳ价格为8500元/ｔ。ＡＥＳ突出的优点是刺激性小,水溶性好,配伍性好,在防皮肤干裂粗糙方面表现好;缺点是在酸性介质中的稳定性稍差———必须控制ｐＨ远大于4,去污力次于ＬＡＳ、ＡＳ。</p><p style="margin-top: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-family: arial; text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">ＡＳ在液体洗涤剂中应用,要注意ｐＨ介质条件———酸度不太高;在洗发香波中应用必须是使用其乙醇胺盐或铵盐;在淋浴液中往往是使用其乙醇胺盐或铵盐。使用其乙醇胺盐不仅可增加耐酸稳定性,还有益于降低刺激性。10%的三乙醇胺盐刺激指数3.0。ＡＳ在餐具液体洗涤剂中的应用频次少,亦很少作主表面活性剂即配方用量少,主要原因是对降低产品成本不利,其次是这类产品对发泡性几乎无要求。ＡＳ在合成表面活性剂中,产量居第5位,价格较高,2002年,粉状价格为15000元/ｔ。ＡＳ除发泡性好和去污力强外,其它方面的使用性能都不如ＡＥＳ。如耐酸稳定性略差一点,刺激性也相对是较大———只是小于ＬＡＳ,在常见阴离子表面活性剂中价格也是最高。</p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-10-09 22:33:52</pubDate></item><item id="105"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂的润湿和渗透作用]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202410/105.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/09/222725821.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[剪一块坯布轻放于水面, 这块坯布会在水面上停留一段时间再慢慢沉入水底。若在水中加入少许表面活性剂JFC, 我们发现放于水面的坯]]></description><content><![CDATA[<section><section><section><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p></section></section></section><p><section><section><section><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">剪一块坯布轻放于水面, 这块坯布会在水面上停留一段时间再慢慢沉入水底。若在水中加入少许表面活性剂JFC, 我们发现放于水面的坯布会马上沉入水底, 这是测试表面活性剂润湿能力的一个常见方法。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一般来讲, 润湿是固体表面上一种流体被另一种流体所取代的过程。因此, 润湿作用至少涉及三相, 其中两相是流体, 一相是固体。染整加工中, 多为纤维(固体) 表面上的气体( 一种流体) 被水(另一种流体)所取代的过程。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">坯布在纯水中润湿速度较慢, 是因为水的表面张力较大, 不能在纤维表面迅速铺展, 不能将坯布内的空气快速取代出去; 水中加入表面活性剂之后, 水的表面张力明显下降, 使水能在纤维表面迅速铺展并将空气迅速取代出去, 从而加快了润湿过程。因此,能使润湿过程迅速发生的表面活性剂被叫做<span class="">润湿剂</span>或渗透剂, 表面活性剂在这个过程所起的作用叫做润湿作用或渗透作用。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">润湿作用与渗透作用并无本质上的区别, 前者作用在固体表面,后者作用在固体内部, 两者可使用相同的表面活性剂, 因而润湿剂也可称为渗透剂。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">表面活性剂之所以具有润湿和渗透作用, 是由于它能显著地降低水的表面张力。如图1所示, 以液滴在固体平面上达到平衡时的情况, 来分析表面活性剂的润湿渗透作用。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/09/222712501.jpg" title="" alt=""/></section></section><section><section><section><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">织物与一般固体平面不同, 它是一个多孔体系, 在纱线之间、纤维之间以及纤维内部的微细结构之间, 均分布着无数相互贯通、大小不同的毛细管, 因此在染整加工过程中, 织物的润湿能力常用毛细管效应来衡量。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">染整工作液中加入少量润湿、渗透剂之后, 织物的毛细管效应就能明显提高, 保证染整加工顺利进行。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">作为润湿、渗透剂使用的表面活性剂, 其分子链长度宜适中, HLB值宜适当, 疏水基中含有支链的会明显提高其润湿能力, <span class="">离子型表面活性剂</span>其亲水基位于分子链中央者润湿性最好, 表面活性剂分子引入第二个亲水基后润湿性会下降。聚氧乙烯型<span class="">非离子表面活性剂</span>在高温下用做渗透剂时, 宜与阴离子型表面活性剂共用, 以提高其热稳定性, 在强酸、强碱条件下使用的润湿、渗透剂, 要充分考虑其化学稳定性, 以免分解失效。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">在染整加工中经常作为润湿、渗透剂使用的产品, 有渗透剂JFC、渗透剂T、拉开粉BX、渗透剂5881、丝光渗透剂MP 等品牌。</p></section></section></section></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-10-09 22:26:22</pubDate></item><item id="97"><title><![CDATA[简单介绍一下“工业味精”：表面活性剂]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202410/97.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/01/220249261.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[工业味精也就是表面活性剂（Surfactant），表面活性剂是这样一类物质,当它的加入量很少时,就能使溶剂(一般为水)的表面张力大大]]></description><content><![CDATA[<section><section><section><section><section><span style="color: rgb(40, 40, 40); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif, Verdana; text-indent: 32px;">&nbsp; &nbsp;工业味精也就是</span><strong style="color: rgb(40, 40, 40); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif, Verdana; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">表面活性剂</strong><span style="color: rgb(40, 40, 40); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif, Verdana; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">（Surfactant）</span><span style="color: rgb(40, 40, 40); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif, Verdana; text-indent: 32px;">，表面活性剂是这样一类物质,当它的加入量很少时,就能使溶剂(一般为水)的</span><span class="" style="color: rgb(40, 40, 40); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif, Verdana; text-indent: 32px;">表面张力</span><span style="color: rgb(40, 40, 40); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif, Verdana; text-indent: 32px;">大大降低,改变体系的界面状态;当它达到一定的浓度时,在溶液中缔合成胶团。因而产生润湿或反润湿、乳化和破乳、起泡或消泡、加溶、洗涤等作用,以达到实际应用的要求。</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, font-extend; text-indent: 28px;">味精作为一种鲜味物质在我们的饮食生活中可谓是无所不及。在工业生产中表面活性剂是和味精很类似的物质,用量不需太多,可作用十分神奇,这类物质就是通常所说的表面活性剂。</span><br/></section><section><br/></section><section><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/01/220144901.jpg" title="" alt="" width="444" height="223"/></section></section></section><section><p style="margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-align: center;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif, Verdana; color: rgb(40, 40, 40); box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif, Verdana; color: rgb(40, 40, 40); box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">表面活性剂&nbsp;</span></strong><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 128, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><strong style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif, Verdana; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">简介</span></strong></span><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"></span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">表面活性剂具有两性分子结构：一端是亲水基团，简称亲水基，也称为疏油基或憎油基，能够使表面活性剂以单体的形式溶在水中。亲水基团经常为<span class="">极性基团</span>，可为羧基（-COOH）、磺酸基（-SO3H）、氨基（-NH2）或胺基及其盐，羟基（-OH）、酰胺基、醚键（-O-）等也可作为极性亲水基团；另一端是疏水基团，简称亲油基，也称为疏水基或<span class="">憎水基</span>。疏水基团通常为非极性烃链，如疏水的烷基链R-（烷基）、Ar-（芳基）等。</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"></span></section><section><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202410/01/220210211.jpg" title="" alt="" width="469" height="163"/></span></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-align: center;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><section><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">表面活性剂分为离子型表面活性剂（包括阳离子表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂）、非离子型表面活性剂、<span class="">两性表面活性剂</span>、复配表面活性剂、其他表面活性剂等。</span></section><section><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">表面活性剂溶液中，表面活性剂的浓度达到一定值后，表面活性剂分子会形成各种有序的组合体称之为胶束。胶束化作用或胶束的形成是表面活性剂溶液十分重要的基本性质，一些重要的界面现象都与胶束的形成有关。使表面活性剂在溶液中形成胶束的浓度被称之为<span class="">临界胶束浓度</span>（Critical Micelle Concentration，CMC）。胶束并不是固定不变的球形，它为极度不规则、动态变化的形状。在某些条件下，表面活性剂还会出现反胶束的状态。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-10-01 22:00:24</pubDate></item><item id="96"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂概念与常用原料]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/96.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/29/205814241.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[常用的表面活性剂原料阳离子表面活性剂：水溶性大，在酸性和碱性溶液中较稳定具有良好的表面活性和杀菌作用。两性离子表面活性剂]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/29/205801581.jpg" title="" alt="" width="286" height="239"/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>常用的表面活性剂原料</strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span class="">阳离子表面活性剂</span>：水溶性大，在酸性和碱性溶液中较稳定具有良好的表面活性和杀菌作用。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span class="">两性离子表面活性剂</span>：碱性水溶液中呈阴离子性质，去污力强； 酸性水溶液中呈阳离子性质，杀菌力强。甜菜碱型两性离子型表面活性剂，适用于任何pH溶液，在等电点时也无沉淀。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span class="">非离子表面活性剂</span>：毒性小，不解离，不受pH的影响；能与大多数药物配伍。<span class="">聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯</span>（卖泽类，Myrij）：具有较强水溶性，乳化能力强，作增溶剂和O/W型乳化剂，常用的有polyoxyl 40 stearate（聚氧乙烯40硬脂酸酯）。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">埃莫尔弗（emlphor）：易溶于水和醇及多种有机溶剂，HLB为12~18，具有较强亲水性，乳化能力强，作增溶剂和O/W型乳化剂。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">西土马哥（cetomacrogol）：为O/W型乳化剂 或挥发油增溶剂。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;"> </span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">Spans（司盘系列）：根据脂肪酸品种数量不同分为</p><p><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/X2WK7UqI3PoloSrh74UTCialz7c5SQrT4nicJpicnJ4L5C5fKrZ6ib5U4qzjsZvCvbpHyVwTBic7N9ArwiaOznyLLcrg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt="图片"/></section></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">HLB1.8~3.8，因其亲油性较强，一般用作水/油乳剂的乳化剂。用于搽剂，软膏，亦可作为乳剂的辅助乳化剂。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;">吐温系列[Tweens] ：</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">亲水性大大增加，为水溶性表面活性剂，用作增溶剂、乳化剂、<span class="">分散剂</span>和润湿剂。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">它山之石：美国开发出的各种单一的车辆清洗剂和车辆上光剂，配方中含有EDTA、氟化烷基羟酸钾等组份。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">日本除垢型的洗涤剂以草酸和烷基苯磺酸钠为主要成分，上光剂中含有油酸、巴西棕榈蜡及煤油等成分。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">国外常用的一步清洗上光技术主要以硅藻土、无定型SiO2、硅酸吕等晶体离子材料为研磨剂。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">美国在20世纪80年代开发的无水微粒子适度磨蚀透明清洗上光剂，其配方主要以SiO2加聚硅氧烷、微晶石蜡、环状二甲基低分子硅醚、脂肪族溶剂清洗剂为原料，经简单配制而成透明的清洗上光剂。微粒子热解无定型亲水SiO2胶体作为适度磨蚀剂、增稠剂、和辅助清洗剂，二羟基聚硅氧烷作为成膜剂，微晶石蜡作为膜增塑剂，环状二甲基低分子硅醚作为光亮剂，其生产工艺比较简单。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;">日本在20世纪90年年代研制的以固体蜡、咪唑啉、酰胺等为有效成分的机用清洗上光剂，可使光泽度提高9.6%，同时还不断改进表面活性剂以提高产品性能，以烷基二甲基苯胺盐和甲基硫酸盐，三苯铵盐为离子表面活性剂的产品取得了较好的效果。20世纪90年代中期日本研究开发出含有聚氟化合物的清洗上光剂，又使得防尘和水相斥性有了很大的提高。</span><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">波兰开发的以合成蜡、聚乙烯蜡、硬脂酸、松节油、硅油、三乙醇胺等为有效成分的汽车清洗、上光、保护兼能的乳液产品，有很好的保护性和抗静电性。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">20世纪80年代，国内研制开发出以三乙醇胺、酸油、柠檬酸钠、白油、甲基硅油、石油醚及水等组成的清洗增光乳液具有无静电、无腐蚀、不吸尘等优点，从而节省了大量石蜡资源。20世纪90年代初，国内研制开发出以硅油、石蜡及其增溶剂等为有效成分，使用简便的透明去污上光剂，不仅用量少，有良好的去污、上光效果。   </p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-29 20:57:06</pubDate></item><item id="94"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂的乳化作用]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/94.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/29/203305611.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[定义：乳液是指一种或多种液体以液珠形式分散在与它不相混溶的液体中构成的分散体系。乳液的液珠直径一般都介于0.1-10μm，因此]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>定义：</strong>乳液是指一种或多种液体以液珠形式分散在与它不相混溶的液体中构成的<span class="">分散体系</span>。乳液的液珠直径一般都介于0.1-10μm，因此属于粗分散体，由于体系呈现乳白色而被成为乳液。</p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/29/203100601.jpg" title="" alt="" width="182" height="225"/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">通常的乳液有一相是水或水溶液，被称为水相；另一相是与水不相混溶的有机相，被称为油相。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/29/203108921.jpg" title="" alt="" width="702" height="132"/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>一、分类</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><br/></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">三种分类方法：</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">1、按来源分类：天然产物和人工合成产物；</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">2、按分子量分类：低分子乳化剂（c10-c20）和高分子乳化剂（c成千上万）；</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">3、按水溶液中可否电离分为：<span class="">离子型</span>（阴离子、阳离子和阴阳离子三类）和非离子。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">这是最常用的分类方法。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/29/203124841.jpg" title="" alt="" width="627" height="186"/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>二、乳化剂的作用和原理</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;">乳化剂的主要作用是降低被乳化的两种液体的<span class="">表面张力</span>。因此，一般表面活性剂作为乳化剂时，其疏水基一端吸附在不溶于水的液体（如油）的微粒子表面，而<span class="">亲水基</span>一端则伸向水中。表面活性剂在液体微粒子表面定向排列成一层亲水性吸附膜（界面膜），从而减少液滴之间的相互引力，降低两相间的表面张力，起到促进相互分散形成乳化的作用。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/29/203200671.jpg" width="592" height="239"/></p><p><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/29/203201481.jpg" width="608" height="618"/></p><p><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/29/203201561.jpg" width="543" height="509"/></p><p><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/29/203201801.jpg" width="632" height="461"/></p><p><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/29/203203441.jpg" width="569" height="527"/></p><p><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/29/203203921.jpg" width="646" height="226"/></p><p><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/29/203203361.jpg" width="615" height="341"/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-29 20:27:38</pubDate></item><item id="90"><title><![CDATA[常见有害有毒性的表面活性有哪些]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/90.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/28/111924351.jpeg</thumb><description><![CDATA[表面活性剂在人类的生活中大量应用，但不可否认的是其仍是一种化学制品。有很多表面活性剂的原料都具有一定的毒性与污染性。不可]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p><br/></p><p style="text-align:center"><em><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/28/111843661.jpeg" title="" alt="" width="369" height="365"/></em></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">表面活性剂在人类的生活中大量应用，但不可否认的是其仍是一种化学制品。有很多表面活性剂的原料都具有一定的毒性与污染性。不可避免的，其会对于环境造成危害，接触到人体的话也会对人的皮肤造成一定的刺激，有些甚至带有较强的毒性和腐蚀性，会对人体造成很大的损伤，以下是对于几种常见的有害的表面活性剂的介绍：</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">A. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; APEO：APEO是常见的非离子表面活性剂中的一种，它是由烷基部分和<span class="">乙氧基</span>部分组成，随着前者碳链的长度不同与后者加成数量不同，APEO会有许多不一样的存在形式，而且不同形式的性能的差异也很大。APEO合成中，其主产物并没有致癌性，但其副产物却会对皮肤和眼睛造成一定的腐蚀性，严重的甚至能致癌。虽然并不直接对生物造成危害，但是APEO却有环境激素问题。化学物质通过各种方式进入人体，并且在人体内发挥类似<span class="">雌性激素的作用</span>，扰乱人体的正常的激素分泌，从而使得男性产生的精子量减少。不只是对人类有危害，据报道称其合成原料NPEO对鱼类也有较大的危害3。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">B. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PFOS：PFOS的全称是<span class="">全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物</span>，PFOS是一类全氟表面活性剂的统称，它具有环境放大效应，由于PFOS的特殊的理化性质，它相当的难以降解，被认为是最难降解的物质之一。它通过食物链进入动物及人体后大量积累从而对生物的健康造成较大的影响。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">C. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; LAS：LAS能对环境造成较大的危害，它是一种重要有机污染物，因为它能改变土地的理化性质，例如它会改变土壤的PH值和含水量。使植物难以生长。除此之外在进入水体后，LAS还能与其他污染物结合成分散胶体颗粒，并且其对高等生物的幼体以及低等生物表现出毒性。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">D. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;氟碳表面活性剂：<span class="">PFOA</span>和PFOS是传统的氟碳表面活性剂的主要两种。但是有相关研究称这类化合物的毒性较高。其能对环境造成持续的污染，并能在生物体内大量积累。因此被联合国与2009年列为持久性有机污染物（POSs）。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;一些绿色环保型以及新型表面活性剂</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">A. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;氨基酸型表面活性剂：氨基酸类表面活性剂的主要原料为生物质，其来源广泛。并且氨基酸类表面活性剂具有毒副作用比较小，性能比较温和，对生物的刺激性小，生物降解性能好等优点。氨基酸类表面活性剂同样可以按照在水中电离后<span class="">亲水基</span>的电荷性质分为阳离子型、阴离子型、非离子型、两性型四种。常见的氨基酸类表面活性剂有N-烷基氨基酸型、氨基酸酯型、N-酰基氨基酸型。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">B. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;凤梨酵素表面活性剂：凤梨酵素表面活性剂是利用油茶籽榨油后剩下的茶粕和油饼、凤梨皮加入酵母粉果胶酶以及其他菌类发酵制成，其有效成分的分子结构虽然尚不明确，但是实验数据表明，其具有良好的洗涤性能。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">C. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SAA:SAA是棕榈油衍生物，SAA作为可再生植物原料的生产物，其收到了广泛的关注，不仅其生产过程绿色环保，而且在含有较多钙镁离子的硬水中析出钙盐的速度较常用的表面活性剂(LAS、AS)等要慢很多，也就是说，在实际应用中，其洗净能力也较优秀。</span></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-28 11:17:24</pubDate></item><item id="84"><title><![CDATA[双子季铵盐表面活性剂在在纺织印染行业的应用]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/84.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/28/110840361.jpeg</thumb><description><![CDATA[可作为涤纶织物碱减量促进剂和阳离子染料染色缓染剂双子季铵盐对涤纶织物的碱减量处理具有明显的促进作用，处理后的织物强力损失]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/28/110824521.jpeg" title="" alt="" width="431" height="299"/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong style="text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 37px;"><br/></span></strong><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong style="text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 37px;">可作为涤纶织物碱减量促进剂和阳离子染料染色缓染剂</span></strong><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">双子季铵盐对涤纶织物的碱减量处理具有明显的促进作用，处理后的织物强力损失较小，且织物的悬垂性、透气性和保湿率都能够有效改善，经阳离子染料处理的纤维结晶度和玻璃化温度较低，纤维内部结构比较松散，因此吸附速率较快。在染料中加入的双子季铵盐先进入纤维内部和磺酸基阴离子结合，待阳离子染料进去后再将其替代下来，从而减缓染料吸附速率，起到缓染的效果。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">王荣祥等将双子季铵盐(m-n-m型)应用于涤纶织物碱减量促进剂和缓染剂，发现该类双子季铵盐对涤纶织物的碱减量处理具有明显的促进作用，整理后织物性能良好，性能明显优于传统单链季铵盐。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><strong style="text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 37px;">可用于改善锦纶印花麻点</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">锦纶在酸性染料印花时易在表面产生麻点，表现为在织物表面局部聚集。通过添加适当双子季铵盐，使得阴离子染料和双子季铵盐在布面形成空间网状结构，使染料在印花台升起或干燥过程中不易移动，防止纺织麻点的产生。双子季铵盐与酸性染料形成的稳定相互作用有利于减少印花麻点的产生。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">有研究表明，含羟基双子季铵盐与其他助剂复配使用时，能够消除染料在锦纶印花时产生的麻点。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><strong style="text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 37px;">棉麻织物染色过程中的低盐工艺</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">棉织物染料染色过程中大量无机盐的使用给污水处理带来极大困难，无盐/低盐/代用碱染色已成为研究热点。通过少量双子季铵盐改性棉纤维，再进行活性染料递延染色，能够极大减少无机盐的用量，有利于降低成本，减少盐对环境的污染，并可提高产品的品质。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">贾丽华等通过酯基双子季铵盐作为助剂对亚麻织物用活性染料进行染色，活性黄M-3RE的上染率、固色率达85%以上，该类双子季铵盐处理亚麻织物的染色性能优于传统季铵盐-CTAB，上色率和固色率分别提高了近10%。</span></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-28 11:07:33</pubDate></item><item id="83"><title><![CDATA[双子季铵盐表面活性剂在在金属缓蚀领域中的应用]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/83.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/28/110717621.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[金属腐蚀可改变金属材料的力学和物化性能，会对工业生产和生活设施造成极大的经济损失。双子季铵盐表面活性剂在金属抗腐蚀方面较]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 37px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/28/110546771.jpg" title="" alt="" width="406" height="262"/></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 37px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 37px;">金属腐蚀可改变金属材料的力学和物化性能，会对工业生产和生活设施造成极大的经济损失。双子季铵盐表面活性剂在金属抗腐蚀方面较之传统单链季铵盐表现出更突出的性能，具有高效、无毒的特性。其能够通过其双N 头基强的静电吸引力使疏水链在金属表面形成致密的吸附薄膜，显著降低金属在化学介质中的腐蚀行为。目前在石油化工、运输、钢铁以及机械等领域有着广泛应用。</span><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">表面活性剂金属缓蚀机理:金属表面一般带负电荷，双子季铵盐表面活性剂溶于水后则在水中离解为带两个电荷的阳离子，双子季铵盐表面活性剂离子通过静电引力吸附在金属表面，疏水基团可在金属表面形成一层致密的疏水性膜，能很好的隔绝水或其他防腐蚀性物质与金属的接触，从而达到高效金属缓蚀的目的。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">文献实例:</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">高志农等研究了系列双子季铵盐表面活性剂(m-n-m型)在1mM HCl 介质中对铝的防腐效果。结果表明此类双子季铵盐对铝在酸性介质中具有优良的防腐效果，在临界胶束浓度下具有最佳的防腐效果。进一步的实验表明此类双子季铵盐对各类金属都有高效的防腐效果，具有极高的金属缓蚀应用价值。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">李俊等研究了系列羟丙基双子季铵盐(Cn-3OH-Cn)在H2S/CO2腐蚀介质中对L360钢的缓蚀作用。结果表明，在浓度为35 mg/L时缓蚀率达到95%以上。是一种阴极抑制为主的混合型缓蚀剂。</span></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-28 11:04:36</pubDate></item><item id="82"><title><![CDATA[双子季铵盐表面活性剂在流体节能减阻剂中的应用]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/82.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/28/110705321.jpeg</thumb><description><![CDATA[随着全球经济的增长，人类面临越来越深刻的能源危机，如何降低长距离管道流体输送过程中的流动摩阻阻力，减小泵站的动力消耗，是]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 37px;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 37px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/28/110357451.jpeg" title="" alt="" width="324" height="320"/></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 37px;">随着全球经济的增长，人类面临越来越深刻的能源危机，如何降低长距离管道流体输送过程中的流动摩阻阻力，减小泵站的动力消耗，是节能减阻技术开发中的重要一环。</span><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">加入流体化学减阻剂可以大幅度减小流动过程的阻力，降低泵的消耗，这种现象称为Toms效应。目前最常用的减阻剂为高分子和表面活性剂。高分子在泵的机械剪切下易发生链断裂，削弱减阻性能，不适合闭路循环式系统。表面活性剂胶束具有自组装性能，高速剪切后可自发回复到剪切的结构，具有良好的可逆性，对循环式和非循环式流体输送系统都适用。与传统表面活性剂相比，双子表面活性剂具有更优异的表面活性和自组装特性，在流体减阻体系具有极大的应用价值。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">文献实例:</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">方波研究了双子季铵盐表面活性剂(C18-3-C18型)与水杨酸钠组成的胶束体系的流变和减阻性能。结果表明该胶束体系可有效降低直管流动摩擦阻力，远优于传统单链季铵盐CTAC/水杨酸钠的胶束体系。</span></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-28 11:02:45</pubDate></item><item id="81"><title><![CDATA[双子季铵盐表面活性剂在在三次采油中的应用]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/81.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/28/110653951.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[作为油田清洁压裂液使用压裂液是对油气层进行压裂改造时使用的工作液，其主要作用是通过将地面高压传递到地层使其形成裂缝输送支]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center"><strong style="text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 37px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/28/110221791.jpg" title="" alt="" width="537" height="370"/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong style="text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 37px;">作为油田清洁压裂液使用</span></strong><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">压裂液是对油气层进行压裂改造时使用的工作液，其主要作用是通过将地面高压传递到地层使其形成裂缝输送支撑剂。传统压裂剂瓜尔胶、羟乙基纤维素等高分子聚合物会在裂缝中留下残渣伤害地层，造成地层渗流能力降低和产能下降。双子季铵盐表面活性剂因其独特的流变性和低伤害性，显示其在粘弹性表面活性剂压裂液(VES)中具有良好的应用前景。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">文献实例:</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">贾振福等研究制备了新型双子季铵盐表面活性剂:双18烷基-四醇乙基-二溴乙二胺，和其他辅剂制备新型清洁压裂液体系。该体系具有良好的粘弹性、悬砂性能、低温溶解性和抗温稳定性能。此压裂液在中海油渤海石油已经投入使用。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">朱红军等以长碳链含羟基双子季铵盐作为酸液稠化剂制备了一种清洁压裂液，结果表明该压裂液具有良好的热稳定性以及抗剪切、缓速、抗盐、破胶性能，用于酸化压裂作业可有效改善压裂效果，提高压裂效率，是一种理想的清洁压裂液。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong style="text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 37px;">注水井化学降压增注</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">注水井经过长期注水后，由于液阻效应、水锁伤害、粘土运移、地层结垢以及细菌的大量繁殖使得储层严重堵塞，而这一问题在近井地带尤为突出，从而导致水井注水压力居高不下、注水量严重不够。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">化学法降压增注主要是通过含有双子季铵盐的降压增注剂注入水井内来降低油水界面张力，减少贾敏效应，增加油的流动能力;改变岩石表面润湿性，使得油藏更加亲水，发挥毛管力的作用;抑制黏土膨胀，减少对地层的伤害;抑制微生物的生长，减少对井底和地层伤害;提高注入水的渗透能力，达到低渗透油田降压增注的目的。并且降压增注技术具有一定的驱油效果。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">文献实例:</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">付亚荣选用晋95站原油和晋95-2井注入水，对含有表面活性剂的降压增注剂FYR-ZZ进行降压增注模拟实验。结果表明:应用注水井降压增注剂后，增加了注水量，降低了注水压力，注水泵负荷减轻，提高了注水管线安全系数，同时具有一定的增有效果，并且注水井注入压力的降低，节省了电能。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong style="text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 37px;">在三次采油中用作高效化学驱油剂</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">双子季铵盐相比传统单链季铵盐具有更好的表面活性和更低的临界胶束浓度，并且在极低浓度下即可形成柔性线状胶束并相互缠绕而成为网状结构，溶液粘度大幅提升并具有切稀特性，特殊的流变性质可有效改变油水流度比，扩大波及体积，提高驱油效率。将含有此类双子季铵盐的溶液体系注入地层，不仅可以极大降低油水界面张力(达到10-3 mN/m)，改变油的流变性和乳化性，还可以改善地层表面润湿性(发生润湿反转)，减小油对地层表面的粘附力，洗油能力的大提高;还可以形成比较稳定的油水乳状液，使流动和采出变得更加容易。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">文献实例:</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 37px;">范振忠课题组对三种双子季铵盐(m-n-m型)的驱油效率进行了研究，岩心驱替结果表明此类双子季铵盐与普通表面活性剂复配能够大幅度提高原油采收率，可成为三次采油用的高效驱替剂。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;"><br/></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-28 11:01:27</pubDate></item><item id="75"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂的15个基本概念]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/75.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/23/221112111.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[1、表面活性剂：指那些具有很强表面活性、能使液体的表面张力显著下降的物质。2、表面张力：使液体表面分子向内收缩至最小面积的]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/23/221050561.jpg" title="" alt="" width="270" height="317"/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">1、表面活性剂：指那些具有很强表面活性、能使液体的<span class="">表面张力</span>显著下降的物质。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">2、表面张力：使液体表面分子向内收缩至最小面积的这种力。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">3、非极性烃链：8个碳原子以上烃链。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">4、<span class="">极性基团</span>：羧酸、磺酸、硫酸、氨基或胺基及其盐，也可是羟基、酰胺基、醚键等。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">5、表面活性剂的<span class="">HLB值</span>应用范围</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">HLB&lt;=3：可作为消泡剂；HLB=3~8：可作为W/O型乳化剂；HLB=7~9：可作为润湿剂；HLB=8~18：可作为O/W型乳化剂；HLB=15以上：可作为增溶剂。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">6、乳化剂：HLB=3~8，可作为W/O型乳化剂；HLB=8~16，可作为O/W型乳化剂。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;7、润湿剂：HLB=7~9，可作为润湿剂。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">8、起泡剂：起泡剂通常具有较强的亲水性和较高的HLB值。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">9、消泡剂：在产生稳定泡沫的情况下，加入一些HLB值为1~3的亲油性较强的表面活性剂，可使泡沫破坏。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">10、去污剂：最适HLB值一般在13~16，<span class="">非离子表面活性剂</span>去污最强，其次为阴离子表面活性剂。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">11、消毒剂和杀菌剂：大多数<span class="">阳离子表面活性剂</span>和两性离子表面活性剂都可用作消毒剂，少数阴离子表面活性剂也有类似作用 抑菌剂或其他抗菌剂在表面活性剂溶液中易被增溶而降低其活性，需增加用量才能达到原来相同的抑菌效果。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">12、增溶(solubilization)&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">概念：表面活性剂在水溶液中达到CMC后，难溶性药物的溶解度显著增加，形成透明胶体溶液，这种作用称为增溶(solubilization)。增溶剂指具有增溶能力的表面活性剂，被增溶物质称为增溶质。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">增溶剂的性质：同系物增溶剂随碳原子数的增加而增大，CMC减小，胶束聚集数增加，增溶量增加。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">增溶剂加入顺序：通常将增溶质与增溶剂先行混合要比增溶剂先与水混合的效好。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;增溶质的性质：当增溶质与带有相反电荷的表面活性剂混合时，在不同配比下可能出现增溶、形成可溶性复合物和不溶性复合物等复杂情况；增溶质与非离子表面活性剂配伍时，pH可明显影响增溶量。弱酸性药物在偏酸性下有较大的增溶；弱碱性药物，则在偏碱性下有更多的增溶；两性药物则在等电点时有最大增溶量。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">多组分增溶质的增溶：制剂中有多组分时，对主药的增溶效果取决于各组分与表面活性剂的相互作用；多种组分与主药竞争同一增溶位置，主药的增溶量减少；某一组分吸附或结合表面活性剂分子，主药的增溶量减少；某些组分也可扩大胶束体积而增加主药的增溶量。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">增溶后的稳定性：可能与胶束表面性质、结构和胶束缔合体的反应性、药物本身的降解途径、环境的pH、离子强度等多种因素有关。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">温度对增溶的影响：①影响胶束的形成②影响增溶质的溶解③影响表面活性剂的溶解度；对于离子表面活性剂，温度上升主要是增加增溶质在胶束中的溶解度以及增加表面活性剂的溶解度。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p><section></section></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">13、krafft点：离子表面活性剂在水中的溶解度随温度升高，当至某一温度时，其溶解度急剧升高，该温度称为krafft点， 相对应的溶解度即为该离子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)；krafft点是离子表面活性剂的特征值，krafft点越高，则CMC越小。krafft点亦是离子表面活性剂应用温度的下限，即只有高于krafft点，表面活性剂才能更大程度地发挥作用。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">14、起昙与昙点：聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂，温度升高至某一温度时，其溶解度急剧下降并析出，溶液出现混浊，此现象称为起昙，此时温度称为昙点(或浊点）。在聚氧乙烯链相同时，碳氢链越长，浊点越低；在碳氢链长相同时，聚氧乙烯链越长则浊点越高。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">15、表面活性剂毒性大小：一般是阳离子型&gt;阴离子型&gt;非离子型。</p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-23 22:09:19</pubDate></item><item id="74"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂在煤炭工业中的应用]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/74.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/23/220918111.jpeg</thumb><description><![CDATA[随着人们对低碳经济和全球气候的关注，煤炭能源的合理利用和节能减排措施越来越显得重要，介绍有关将是非常必要和适时的。表面]]></description><content><![CDATA[<section><section><section><p style="text-align:center"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 2px;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 2em;caret-color: red;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/23/220858431.jpeg" title="" alt="" width="505" height="330"/></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 2px;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 2em;caret-color: red;">&nbsp; 随着人们对低碳经济和全球气候的关注，煤炭能源的合理利用和节能减排措施越来越显得重要，介绍有关将是非常必要和适时的。</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 2px;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 2em;caret-color: red;">表面活性剂已在煤加工技术中应用了很长一段时期，但是对于一些基本现象的基础研究才刚刚开始。</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 2px;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 2em;caret-color: red;">目前，由于能源问题日益紧张，因而促进了表面活性剂在煤加工技术中应用的广泛研究，许多实验室已取得了进展并研制出了一系列产品。</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 2px;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;text-indent: 2em;caret-color: red;">下面将分别讨论这些应用。</span></p></section></section></section><p></p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section><section><section><section><strong>1、煤表面的润湿</strong><br/></section><section><section><section><br/></section></section></section><section><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 2px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);caret-color: red;font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 2px; text-indent: 0em;">Fuller等人在煤的结构化学研究中阐述了煤表面的多相性。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">由浸渍热研究证实：低品位煤比高品位煤吸水性大，从而进入的极性质点也多。矿物质与极性液体如水的作用很强烈。因而释放出较高的浸渍热。煤用碱腐蚀后，结构显著松散，硫化试剂浸入的机会大大增加。</span></p><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">煤在液体中的润湿热可认为是煤转化过程中对该试剂亲和性大小的量度。煤润湿后建立平衡状态的速率能用微型量热计示踪测定。例如，Wightman等人通过对C1—C12的正构乙醇同系物的研究证明：平衡态建立的时间随着乙醇链长的增加而增加。并建议通过增长乙醇链长而降低润湿热，以限制润湿热进入煤结构的穿透率。</span></p><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">对于不同种类的煤，测定其细小煤粒与水的界面张力和接触角，对煤的定向<span class="">浮选工艺</span>以及更有价值的油/煤型浓集燃料的制作技术是很有意义的。    &nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">在过去还没有测定不规则细小煤粒接触角的合适方法。而最近，Neumann等人开发了一种测定次煤烟微粒(与水)接触角的新技术。这项方法考察了粒度在25—300微米范围内的煤微粒在凝固作用前一定量的易凝固物、或者换句话说，基体物质如萘、联苯和邻苯基苯酚等等的溶解特性，并定量地解释了凝固作用前期易凝固基体物质对煤粒的浸渍或抑制作用。</span></p><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Neumann等人用浸润技术证实：煤的润浸特性取决于它的碳含量、灰分含量和矿物杂质含量。此外，通过添加表面活性剂使亲水性的煤变成较强疏水性的煤。这是煤粒进行浮选的必要条件。</span></p><section><section><section><section><section><strong>2、煤除尘</strong><br/></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">利用表面活性剂水溶液改善煤粒的浸润性对于煤粉尘的控制具有重要的现实意义。非离子表面活性剂，如邻二甲苯烷基磺酸钠等在这方面已得到使用。Glanville等人对影响煤尘润湿速率的各种因素进行了探讨，结果证明：用Walket润湿速率实验测定的润湿速率主要受温度煤尘的尺寸组成、以及所用特殊表面活性剂的浓度和分子结构的影响。在10℃--40℃的温度范围内。润湿速率随温度的升高而增加大致呈线性关系。同样，在特定温度下，润湿速率随煤尘平均粒度的增加也呈线性关系。</span></p><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section><section><section><section><strong>3、浮选</strong><br/></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">采矿过程中得到的煤，混有各种不同颗粒度的粘土。这些粘土很容易从颗粒度大的煤粒表面洗掉，但煤泥中存在一定量的小颗粒煤。泥渣中的这部分煤通常是由泡沫浮选工艺加以回收。这种工艺在很大程度上依赖于煤中有机或无机化合物的不同表面特性。</span></p><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">在煤的泡沫浮选工艺中，泡沫是把空气通入到煤泥浆中形成的，这样煤泥浆中含有不纯净的、被除去的极细煤粒和水。从泥渣或矿石中把煤浮选出来靠的是其表面的可润湿性和接触角，该接触角是固体与气泡内表面接触产生的夹角。</span></p><section></section><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-indent: 0em;">在浮</span><span style="font-size: 15px;text-indent: 0em;">选工艺中通常使用三种试剂，它们是：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;text-indent: 0em;">(a)浮选促集剂或促进剂，(b)改性剂，(c)发泡剂。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;text-indent: 0em;">浮选促集剂或促进剂的作用是促进煤粒与气泡的接触，即在被浮选的煤粒表面形成一层薄膜，使得煤粒呈疏水性。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;text-indent: 0em;">与此同时，它必须具有选择性，在不被浮选的煤粒表面不形成薄膜。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;text-indent: 0em;">浮选促集剂或促进剂通常是煤油和燃料油。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></p><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">而改性剂可能是ph调节剂、活化剂、浮选抑制剂、<span class="">分散剂</span>或絮凝剂。例如，一种有选择性的阳离子型聚合物絮凝剂是二甲胺与环氧氯丙烷的反应物。</span></p><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">发泡剂是被用来提供稳定的浮选泡沫的，持久稳定的泡沫可现煤的分离。但也不能太持久，以致泡沫无法破裂，还需要进行后处理。</span></p><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section><section><section><section><strong>4、水煤浆</strong><br/></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">运输问题已成为煤应用中的主要困难之一。固含量大于55﹪的微细煤的含量泥浆，在通常使用的排浆泵运输时会很困难，因为当体系固含量超过5﹪时，水和固体趋向于分离，因而在泵运送系统的各个区域产生煤的聚集。并且，泥浆的脱水性使泵运送系统堵塞和产生滞留。由于水是运输和加工操作过程中成本费用的主要贡献者，同时在煤气化时，蒸发装置需要大量的热量。因此，减少水泥浆中水的重量百分数是设想中的理想方案。</span></p><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">人们首先考察煤粒尺寸对泥浆稳定性的影响。Funk设计了一种煤---水煤浆：煤的最高含量为75﹪，粘度低于1000cps。这种泥浆具有可长距离管道输运，并无需脱水便可直接燃烧的优点。它由一种方法制备，该方法中按照一定的粒径分布公式控制粒径及其分布。粒径分布公式对于提供新型煤坯是非常有用的。这种煤坯按照Alred给出的公式具有一个粒径分布。</span></p><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">煤/油<span class="">分散体系</span>对于管道和油罐车运输是非常有用的，它能在没有改性剂的情况下，于燃油炉中直接燃烧，并且是煤液化工艺过程中的基本步骤。为保证在锅炉和加热炉中，作为燃料油的部分替代物的更为经济实用的煤/油混合体具有满意的可泵送、储运和燃烧特性，稳定性是通过周期性地行为测定流出物的比重来加以评定。</span></p><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">许多文献都有关于COM稳定剂的报道。它们都表明了作为一大类的阳离子型表面活性剂是最有效的COM分散剂；实验表明煤粒间是靠物理吸附结合的。而煤表面必须首先是亲核特性。为此，COM稳定化需要阳离子表面活性剂。具有极性端基官能团的离子对对煤基质和末端向外延伸的碳氢化合物取向于给电子位的这种配位构型，也符合前述COM中网状体稳定化的概念。近些年，在这些实验成果指导下，水煤浆技术已经在国内的改进的燃油锅炉上得到了大面积的应用。</span></p><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section><section><section><section><strong>5、煤的脱矿质</strong><br/></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">表面活性剂也被用于煤的预处理以除去无机成分，并改性煤使得它更适合于再处理，如在低温下液化等等。在煤/水泥浆中，消除灰份可以减少能量损耗和损失。从煤中除去矿物质的各种工艺在参考文献中都论述到了。例如，Liotta开发出一种经粉碎并同时除去矿物质的方法。它首先用四价碱溶汇进行处理，接着依据两种物质的比重不同采用任一常规分离技术进行物理分离。 &nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin: 20px 10px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">用碳氢化合物的乳胶液进行煤的浮选，可以减少煤的灰份含量。这种方法采用一种由烃油与疏水的W/0乳化剂和亲水的表面活性剂制备的乳胶液。该工艺没有使用大量的聚合物而产生出高产量的低灰份煤。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-23 22:06:41</pubDate></item><item id="63"><title><![CDATA[阳离子表面活性剂在洗涤中的应用]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/63.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/21/073008981.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[阳离子表面活性剂，一个具有良好的杀菌、杀藻、防霉、柔软、抗静电和调理性能的成分，在洗涤用品中的角色有：柔软剂、杀菌剂、抗]]></description><content><![CDATA[<section><section><section><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/21/072952621.jpg" title="" alt="" width="412" height="250"/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;">阳离子表面活性剂，一个具有良好的杀菌、杀藻、防霉、柔软、抗静电和调理性能的成分，在洗涤用品中的角色有：柔软剂、杀菌剂、<span class="">抗静电剂</span>、调理剂等。</p></section></section></section><p><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="text-indent: 2em;">洗涤剂中常用的阳离子表面活性剂有烷基季铵盐、酯基季铵盐和聚合型阳离子表面活性剂。其中，季铵盐是产量最大、应用最广泛的一类阳离子表面活性剂，主要用作柔软剂、抗静电剂、杀菌剂等。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>下面介绍七种常用的阳离子表面活性剂：</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><p><strong>1、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(商品名：1227，洁尔灭，苯扎氯铵)</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>性质：具有良好的泡沫和化学稳定性，耐热、耐光，还具有杀菌、乳化、抗静电、柔软调理等多种性能，1227易溶于水，并且不受水硬度影响，但需要注意的是1227长期暴露空气中易吸潮。安全性方面，在体内无积累，但对眼和皮肤微有刺激性。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>应用：织物柔软剂和抗静电剂，餐馆、食品加工设备等的消毒杀菌剂，还可以用作杀藻、杀菌剂等。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><p><strong>2、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(商品名：1631)</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>性质：具有良好的抗静电和柔软性能，并有优良的杀菌防霉作用。对眼睛有点刺激性。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>应用：护发剂和织物柔软剂，还可以用作杀菌消毒剂。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><p><strong>3、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵</strong>(商品名：1831)</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>性质：具有优良的渗透、柔软、抗静电及杀菌性能，易溶于醇和热水中，去污力和起泡性差。在安全性方面有微小的刺激性。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>应用：1831是护发素的主要成分之一，也可用作合成纤维的抗静电剂、杀菌剂和消毒剂。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><p><strong>4、甲基二牛脂酰乙基-2-羟乙基硫酸甲酯铵</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>性质：灰白色膏状物或固体，有较好的贮存稳定性，在冷水中易分散，可在少量电解质下配制2.5%-3.0%的分散体，具有良好的再润湿性。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>应用：家庭及工业的漂洗柔软剂、洗涤柔软剂等。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><p><strong>5、N-甲基-N-牛脂酰胺基乙基-2-牛脂基咪唑啉硫酸甲酯盐</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>性质：黏稠液体并显浑浊，50℃可变为透明液体。具有极好的柔软、抗静电作用，再润湿性和生物降解性好。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>应用：柔软洗涤剂及织物柔软剂。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><p><strong>6、聚季铵盐-16</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>性质：有护发、调理、定型作用，以及滋润皮肤作用。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>应用：发用化妆品及护肤化妆品。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="text-indent: 2em;">在洗发香波及洗头膏中，其低浓度就能有很好的效果，并能加强和稳定香波泡沫，同时赋予头发以极佳的润滑性、易梳理性及光泽感。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">在香波中使用的产品浓度为0.5～5%。在头发定型胶及定型液中，可使头发具有高度的滑动性，保持卷发牢固而不松散，使头发具有柔软健康及富有光泽的外观及手感，添加量约1～5%。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">在护肤品中如剃须膏、淋浴乳及除臭剂中加入量约0.5～5%。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><p><strong>7、阳离子瓜尔胶</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>性质：对头发和皮肤具有调理性。作为调理剂使用时，它能提高阴离子表面活性剂的效果。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>应用：可用作香波增稠剂、乳化稳定剂和织物柔软剂等。</p></section></section></section></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-21 07:23:07</pubDate></item><item id="59"><title><![CDATA[生物基洗衣液的三种基本成分：酶、表面活性剂和溶剂]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/59.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/18/212946341.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[近年来，对环保和可持续家居产品（包括洗衣粉）的需求不断增长。生物基洗衣液已成为传统洗衣液的可行替代品，提供有效的清洁能力]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/18/212904971.jpg" title="" alt=""/></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">近年来，对环保和可持续家居产品（包括洗衣粉）的需求不断增长。生物基洗衣液已成为传统洗衣液的可行替代品，提供有效的清洁能力，同时最大限度地减少对环境的影响。这些生物基配方的核心在于三种基本成分：酶、表面活性剂和溶剂。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">酶：大自然的清洁催化剂</span></strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">酶是天然存在的蛋白质，可作为强大的催化剂，加速复杂有机化合物分解成更简单的形式。在生物基洗衣液中，酶在分解顽固污渍和污垢颗粒、提高整体清洁性能方面发挥着至关重要的作用。通过利用酶的天然力量，生物基洗涤剂即使在较低的洗涤温度下也能提供出色的清洁效果，从而节省能源和水。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">表面活性剂：具有卓越清洁效果的表面活性剂</span></strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">表面活性剂是表面活性剂，有助于去除污垢和污渍，并可以减少污垢重新沉积到衣服上。它们使洗涤剂溶液能够均匀地分布在织物上，让水渗透并带走污垢颗粒。在生物基洗衣液中，使用源自可再生资源（例如植物基或生物基材料）的表面活性剂来替代石油基替代品。这些环保型表面活性剂<span class="">可生物降解</span>，并减少对环境的影响。它们不仅可以有效清洁，还可以帮助保持织物的柔软度和完整性，并有助于提高配方的稳定性。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">溶剂：安全且可持续的清洁解决方案</span></strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">洗衣液中的溶剂充当活性成分的载体，有助于溶解和分散污垢和污渍。在生物基配方中，重点是使用源自可再生来源的溶剂，例如植物醇或有机酸。这些可持续溶剂无毒、易于生物降解，并且与传统的石油基溶剂相比具有优异的碳足迹。通过使用生物基溶剂，洗衣液可以有效去除污渍并保持其清洁效率，同时促进可持续性。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">生物基洗衣液提供有效的清洁能力，同时减少对环境的影响，彻底改变了我们洗衣护理的方式。酶、表面活性剂和溶剂的基本成分协同作用，可提供出色的清洁效果。通过选择生产生物基洗衣液，您可以在不影响清洁度的情况下对我们的星球产生积极影响。让我们在洗衣房拥抱大自然的力量，为更绿色、更清洁的未来做出贡献。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">原料供应商一个重点关注点是可持续性。应该拥有广泛的洗衣液环保成分组合。为生物基洗衣液配方提供以下高性能原材料。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">现列举生物基洗衣液可用原料的例子：</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">巴斯夫 Lavergy 酶：高性能洗衣应用，即使在低温下也能获得完美清洁。Laverergy 酶可为您的洗衣配方提供稳定性、效率和一致性。这些成分协同作用，可在各种 pH 值和温度下改善您的产品。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">Bio<i></i>nat 高性能洗涤剂添加剂：创新的洗涤剂添加剂，可提高液体洗衣剂、预去污剂和手动餐具配方的性能。这些独特设计的生物基添加剂专为满足家庭护理、机构和工业市场中具有生态意识的配方设计师和消费者的需求而定制。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">除了 Bio<i></i>nat 的性能优势外，Bio<i></i>nat 还提供配方灵活性和简单性、更高效的制造以及更轻松的采购。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">Aquanate COT：20% 活性、多功能液体温和<span class="">阴离子表面活性剂</span>，具有高闪泡性、优异的去污力以及对硬水和电解质的耐受性。它在酸性和碱性条件下保持化学稳定。非常适合手动洗碗、硬表面清洁剂、厕所护理、洗衣护理、汽车护理和地毯清洁。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">ELOTANT Milcoside APG：这些表面活性剂源自植物性材料等可再生资源，可生物降解，与传统表面活性剂相比，对环境的影响更小。这些成分具有出色的清洁性能，可有效去除污垢和污渍，同时保持织物的完整性和柔软度，使其成为可持续高效洗衣护理的理想选择。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">Rhodasurf NAT 系列：高可再生碳指数和生物基含量的表面活性剂，能够减少碳足迹。这些成分不仅可生物降解，而且还提供备受追捧的优点，例如高发泡和清洁能力。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">Spectradet LHS：食用级椰子油钾皂，不仅用途广泛，而且非常适合各种应用。是高泡“天然”肥皂和洗涤剂的关键成分，可产生丰富而奢华的泡沫，带来真正舒适的清洁体验。此外，其功效还扩展到通用清洁剂，为各种表面提供强大的清洁作用，使其成为提供卓越效果的首选。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">Spectrum SCS：这种椰油硫酸钠源自 100% 天然椰子油，具有出色的起泡、增稠和调理特性。它毫不费力地分散在水中，形成浓密的奶油状泡沫，增强洗涤体验。作为大多数阴离子表面活性剂的出色替代品，</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">Spectrum SCS 不仅提供卓越的清洁能力，还有助于实现更可持续、更环保的洗衣程序。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">Augeo Clean Multi：提供卓越的清洁性能，同时遵守可持续发展原则。它是一种多功能成分，可充当溶剂，有助于溶解和去除污垢和污渍。该成分源自可再生资源，使其成为生物基洗衣粉的环保选择。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;">AH-SYNOVA-1,3-丙二醇：源自玉米，是一种天然且可持续的溶剂，具有出色的清洁能力。该产品能有效溶解和去除污渍和污垢，确保彻底的清洁效果。它还可生物降解且环保，最大限度地减少对生态系统的影响。</span></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-18 21:27:50</pubDate></item><item id="56"><title><![CDATA[非离子型表面活性剂的洗涤作用]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/56.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/18/211242171.jpeg</thumb><description><![CDATA[非离子型表面活性剂对油性污垢的去污力良好，对合成纤维防止再污染的能力强。耐硬水性，耐高浓度电解质的能力都比较强。聚氧乙烯]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/18/211222551.jpeg" title="" alt="" width="263" height="310"/></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp;非离子型表面活性剂对油性污垢的去污力良好，对合成纤维防止再污染的能力强。耐硬水性，耐高浓度电解质的能力都比较强。聚氧乙烯非离子表面活性剂最大优点是疏水基与<span class="">亲水基</span>部分的可调性。可通过调节EO数来适应各类基质，达到最佳洗净力。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1．聚氧乙烯烷基醇醚</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 通式RO(C2H4O)nH R＝C12~C18，n可调。这类化合物具有高洗涤活性，表现在以下几方面：较低的临界胶团浓度(cmc)，这意味着在低浓度下仍有着高洗净力，强洗涤力和洗涤合成纤维时的抗污垢再沉积特性。此外还具有良好的低温洗涤性。在常温下呈白色淡黄色膏状物。溶于水具有乳化，净洗和润湿性。主要用于家用及工业、洗涤剂和金属清洗剂。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2．聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 式中R主要为辛基、壬基和十二烷基；n可调，它们的特点是去除油污和脂肪的能力强。代表产品为OP系列、OPE系列和SOPE系列,主要性能耐酸碱及抗硬水能力强，具有去污、润湿、乳化金属加工和工业净洗剂。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3．烷基糖苷(APG)</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 烷基糖苷被誉为是一种新型世界级非离子表面活性剂。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;APG优点：</strong>1.界面活性高，表面张力很低；2.不存在浊点具有高温稳定性；3.具有优良的洗涤性能，很强的泡沫力，润湿乳化性及分散稳定性。4. 无毒性、对皮肤的低刺激性、生物降解性等优于现有的任何一类表面活性剂。（突出优点，特点）。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 因此，它正受到洗涤业、化妆业、食品加工业以及制药业等众多领域的特殊青睐。并且由于它的易漂洗无斑痕的特性，还特别适宜于做餐具洗涤剂、瓶洗剂等。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">　　<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">APG用作洗涤剂大致有以下几个方面：</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; 浴用及发用洗涤剂：</strong>利用APG得到的制品对皮肤温和无刺激，泡沫丰富细腻。洗发时还可起到抗静电的作用。产品多为液态物，但也可制成皂块。餐具洗涤剂：由APG制成的餐具洗涤剂泡沫性能好，对皮肤温和，用后手感好，易漂洗并不留痕迹。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">洗衣剂 ：</strong>APG用于洗衣剂，具有优良的洗涤力。可用于各种织物(如棉、毛、聚酯等织品)的清洗。可有效地去除泥土和油污。同时具有柔软性能，抗静电性能以及防缩性能。并可制成在硬水中使用仍具有优良的洗涤力的洗衣剂。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">硬表面清洗：</strong>除用于餐具洗涤外，APG还可用于其他种类硬表面的清洗。利用APG作活性组分可配成强酸条件下的洗涤剂。其中的APG还具有阻止铁类金属被氧化和被酸浸蚀的功能。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-18 21:11:01</pubDate></item><item id="55"><title><![CDATA[阴离子型表面活性剂的洗涤作用]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/55.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/18/211100761.jpeg</thumb><description><![CDATA[阴离子表面活性剂作为洗涤剂的类型主要有脂肪酸盐(肥皂)、烷基苯磺酸盐(ABS)、脂肪醇硫酸盐(AS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯硫酸盐(AES)、]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/18/211037401.jpeg" title="" alt="" width="281" height="271"/></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; 阴离子表面活性剂作为洗涤剂的类型主要有脂肪酸盐(肥皂)、烷基苯磺酸盐(ABS)、脂肪醇硫酸盐(AS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯硫酸盐(AES)、α—烯烃硫酸盐(AOS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯羧酸盐(AEC)和<span class="">脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐</span>(MES)等。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1．肥皂</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 肥皂分子的表面活性部分带负电荷，其中长碳链脂肪酸钠盐和钾盐约占25％左右。这种被最为广泛使用的肥皂，优点：原料丰富，制备方便，价格低廉。工业上一般以牛油、羊油等油脂为原料，用强碱进行皂化，后经盐析，分离甘油而制得，最大的缺点是，它们在水溶液中遇到二价和三价的金属离子如Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+等，便会生成溶解度很低的钙皂或镁皂，从而丧失了肥皂应有的清洗特性。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2．烷基苯磺酸盐(ABS)</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 烷基苯磺酸钠盐(R-C6H6-S03Na)是很重要的阴离子表面活性剂，它在水中有较好的溶解性能，几乎全部被电离，它的钙盐和镁盐对水的溶解度比较大，所以有较好的耐硬水性。在烷基苯磺酸盐中，直链型烷基苯(LAS) 其价格低廉，洗涤力强且易生物降解环境友好。因此，到目前为止，还没有任何一种表面活性剂在作为洗涤活性物使用时，能在技术性能上和经济效益上能与LAS相匹敌，被全世界的合成洗涤剂工业界誉为合成洗涤剂的主力军。主要用作工业和家庭洗涤剂使用。代表产品：<span class="">十二烷基苯磺酸钠</span>，具有优良的洗涤效果，十八烷基苯磺酸钠在烷基苯磺酸钠系列中洗净力最强。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3．α—烯烃磺酸盐(AOS)</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; AOS是一种性能优良的洗涤活性物。主要用于洗手液、香波、泡沫浴、餐具洗涤剂，工业清洗剂及洗衣粉。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4．高级脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐(MES)</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; R为烷基，R’为甲基，去污力以R为C16和 C18为好，抗硬水能力R为C14最好。MES是以天然油脂为原料制成的表面活性剂，具有良好洗涤性能和很强的皂钙分散力。对沸石有优异的配伍性，适合于制造无磷洗衣粉。它的钙皂分散力比LAS高得多，因此有利于复合皂与皂基洗衣粉的生产与应用。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5．脂肪醇硫酸盐(AS)和脂肪醇醚硫酸盐(AES)</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; AS的通式ROSO3Na，R为C14~C16具有较好的洗涤性；AES的通式 RO(<span class="">C2H4O</span>)nSO3Na ，R为C14~C15 n＝1—2具有较好洗涤性。AS和AES都具有良好的生物降解性，较强的去污力和良好的起泡性。适合于配制高泡洗涤剂。它适合于易护理型或羊毛洗涤剂，大量用于泡沫浴、洗发香波、化妆品、手洗餐洗剂、蔬菜用洗涤剂、家庭洗涤剂等。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-18 21:09:05</pubDate></item><item id="52"><title><![CDATA[化料配方直接影响企业利润]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/52.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/18/173207321.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[影响化料企业利润率的因素是多方面的，如：企业规模，品牌效应、老板理念，团队素质、管理能力，产品技术，营销服务等。在其他]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;<strong>&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">影响化料企业利润率的因素是多方面的</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px;letter-spacing: 0.034em">，如：企业规模，品牌效应、老板理念，团队素质、管理能力，产品技术，营销服务等。在其他方面基本相同的情况下，产品技术水平，配方设计的专业化程度，是影响企业利润的关键。今天就<span style="font-size: 19px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">和大家聊聊产品配方对企业利润影响的话题。</span></span></strong></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px">1</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．产品配方设计的性价比是影响利润的关键</span></strong></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">&nbsp; 所谓</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">产品配方设计的性价比，指的是：产品性能和配方设计成本的比值。</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">当然这个比值越高，说明你的产品越优秀，销售这类产品，可以增加企业利润。高工在和化料企业老板交流时，<span style="font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">有些老板觉得他的产品客户反映也很好，每年利润也不少，很满足。高工在了解到他的配方结构得知，其性价比仍有提升空间。</span>如通过</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">改进配方，成本可以降低</span><span style="font-size: 19px">10%-20%</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">，降低部分，直接转换成企业利润。</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">如这个企业每年利润</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px">500W</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">，<span style="font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">改进配方后直接</span></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">增加利润</span><span style="font-size: 19px">50W-100W</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">。</span></span></strong></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px">2</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．企业老板的认知思维对企业利润的影响</span></strong></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">&nbsp; <span style="font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">既然化料配方性价比如此重要，那老板为什么不定期检查升级产品配方呢？</span>这个问题很简单，答案是：由于配方属于商业秘密，不能交流比较，尤其在企业有利润的情况下，化料企业老板总以为自己的产品很优秀，无需升级。只有当产品出了较大质量问题或不适应市场需求时，才想到改进配方。老板这种做法无可厚非，殊不知在没有出问题之前，根据市场需求，定期自查改进配方，不断提升产品品质，同样可以增加企业利润，还能提高企业影响力。<span style="font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">在“市场永远是对的”大氛围中，企业对于产品品质的把控，老板要做“预防为主”的主动出击者，不做“死后验尸”的被动防守者。</span></span></strong></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px">3</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．产品技术性能不均衡影响企业效益</span></strong></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">&nbsp; 通过了解，有的化料企业产品技术性能不全面，即：某些产品性能过剩，浪费了一部分成本，而另一方面，产品部分性能不全面，造成性能缺项。导致<span style="font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">产品配方成本不低，但是功能不全面，产品质量下降，丢失客户，利润下滑。</span></span></strong></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px">4</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．产品配方来源杂乱影响企业利润</span></strong></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">&nbsp; 有些企业老板是通过各种渠道取得的产品配方，如：照搬来料加工产品的配方、通过人际关系得到的配方、本企业人员通过自学成才设计的配方等。<span style="font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">这类配方的完整性、可靠性容易让人产生质疑</span>。再有化料企业不太了解原配方设计者的思路，产品质量定位心中无数，只能靠市场销售，看客户反映来检验产品的品质，不断摸索、修正。这样容易<span style="font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">造成产品质量不稳定，频繁客服，费用增大，使企业利润下降。</span></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><span style="font-size: 19px">5</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．化料企业自行调整的原专业配方而减少利润</span></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">&nbsp; 原来由专业人员设计的配方，因新材料、新技术的出现或因原材料价格的波动，企业请了一些高人，对原专业配方进行修改。由于新接手的人员，不完全了解原设计人员的思路而改变了原配方的配伍点、平衡点。按<span style="font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">这类“四不像”配方生产的产品，质量无法保证，直接影响了企业的营销工作，加之售后费用过大，使企业利润减少。</span></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">&nbsp; 如确需调整配方时，建议老板还请原配方的设计者修改，这样即保证了产品设计思路的连续性，也达到了产品质量不断提升，与时俱进的效果。如果<span style="font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">老板认为要选用新人调整配方时，建议老板不让新人知道原配方组成。让新人独立设计产品，拿出样品，和原配方产品进行成本、效果等多方面比较。这样有助于老板决策是否使用新配方。</span></span></strong></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px">6</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．科学慎重购买原材料是增加企业利润的重要环节</span></strong></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">&nbsp; 在配方设计时要充分考虑原材料的可靠性、安全性、经济性。企业在<span style="font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">购买原材料时要本着“只买对的，不买贵的”原则</span>。在保证产品性能前提下，对照各个原材料厂家的指标，<span style="font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">在相同情况下，</span><span style="font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">哪家价格低，路途近，服务好，信誉高就选用哪家的原材料</span>。</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">术业有专攻，专业的事，由专业人来做。</span>建议化料生产企业根据市场需求，<span style="font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">坚持采用新技术、新材料、新配方的原则</span>，选用性价比高的专业技术配方，这样生产出来的产品，质量可靠、性能全面、客户满意、减少客服，<span style="font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)">力争企业利润的最大化</span>。&nbsp;</span></strong></p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/18/173034951.jpg" title="" alt="" width="415" height="206"/></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-18 17:29:36</pubDate></item><item id="51"><title><![CDATA[洗涤剂配方设计要点分享]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/51.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/18/172934301.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[如何将化料产品泡沫控制在最佳状态 织物洗涤中的泡沫是常见的现象，泡沫主要是由洗涤化料中表面活性剂产生的，而发泡又是表面活]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong>如何将化料产品泡沫控制在最佳状态</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">&nbsp; 织物洗涤中的泡沫是常见的现象，泡沫主要是由洗涤化料中表面活性剂产生的，而发泡又是表面活性剂的一个重要性质。洗涤中的泡沫，结合洗涤过程中的洗涤对象不同，各有利弊，有时需要泡沫多一些，有时要求泡沫少一些，甚至是无泡沫，所以使用者在选择洗涤化料时，泡沫高低是一个重要的选项。根据不同的客户要求，洗涤化料厂家生产有高泡、低泡、无泡型的产品，供客户选择使用。</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">一．泡沫在织物洗涤中的作用</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 19px">&nbsp; </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px">&nbsp; 1</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．</span><strong><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">洗涤泡沫具有对污物的悬浮分散性能。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">洗涤过程中泡沫能均匀地分布在织物纤维中，洗涤化料中活性成分能与污物充分反应，进一步催化分解污垢，可以提高织物的洗净度。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 19px">&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px">2</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．</span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">洗涤泡沫可以防止污物再沉积。</span></strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">泡沫能够吸附织物上的污垢，使污垢与织物分离，乳化在洗涤工作液中，随过水工序污水一起排出。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 19px">&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px">3</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．</span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">洗涤泡沫的携污作用。</span></strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">泡沫在洗涤过程中，可以包裹、隔离各类污物，油性等物质，裹挟污垢从织物中分离出来，防止污垢再沉积到织物上。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 19px">&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px">4</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．</span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">洗涤泡沫可以指示过水程度。</span></strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">在过水工序如果泡沫太多，说明过水效率不高。观察泡沫的起泡程度判断过水是否彻底。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 19px">&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px">5</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．</span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">泡沫赋予人一定的手感。</span></strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">如遇人工洗涤时，可以根据泡沫多少，判断洗涤剂的加入量是否合适，过水是否彻底。</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">二．泡沫在织物洗涤中的弊端</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 19px">&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px">1</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．</span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">过多泡沫影响洗净度。</span></strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">过多的泡沫会使洗涤工作液层次混沌。使工作液中的活性成分对织物的渗透力下降，降低了机械摩擦力，影响洗涤效果。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 19px">&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px">2</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．</span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">浪费水资源。</span></strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">过多的泡沫使过水次数增加，浪费了水资源。如果过水不彻底，织物上会有残留的泡沫成分，长此以往使洗涤后的织物产生“泡沫渍”，影响洗涤效果，使织物白、亮度下降。如接触皮肤的织物，还会对皮肤有一定的刺激作用。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 19px">&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px">3</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．</span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">对水环境的影响。</span></strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">洗涤废水排放到水体中，如有大量泡沫，会影响水体的透光性，有些表面活性剂成分会破坏水体中的生态环境，对水生动、植物产生危害，导致其窒息，甚至死亡。</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">三．影响洗涤工作液泡沫的主要因素</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 19px">&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px">1</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．</span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">洗涤剂配方设计。</span></strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">设计人员在设计一个洗涤剂配方时，产品的泡沫性能是要考虑的一个重要因素。要结合洗涤剂产品的用途、设备情况、机械化程度等情况综合考虑配方的组成。使设计产品的泡沫达到理想目标值。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 19px">&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px">2</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">．</span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">添加助剂调整产品泡沫性能。</span></strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">如有的设计人员因对原材料的配伍点掌握不好，产品泡沫没有达到设计要求，因此要添加增加、稳定、抑制、消除泡沫的助剂来调整产品的泡沫性能。如不当使用了某些控制泡沫的助剂，除提高了产品成本外，还增加了主洗工序的洗涤负担，使洗涤后的织物中产生了难以去除的顽固污渍，影响了织物洁净度，织物的白、亮度也有所下降。</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">四．如何将洗涤化料的泡沫控制在一个理想状态</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>技术人员在洗涤化料配方设计时，应科学利用各种原材料之间互为补充、抑制、增效的物理、化学性质，找出所选用原材料之间的合理配伍性及结合点，尽量不用或少用调整泡沫的各类助剂。根据此配方设计原则，把产品在使用中的泡沫控制在一个合理状态，以提高配方设计的性价比，降低产品成本，避免由于配方设计不合理给企业造成的利润损失。</strong></span></p><p><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/18/172911581.jpg" title="" alt="" width="307" height="265"/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-18 17:27:59</pubDate></item><item id="49"><title><![CDATA[17种常用表面活性剂结构特性及使用方法]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/49.html</link><thumb></thumb><description><![CDATA[月桂基磺化琥珀酸单酯二钠（DLS）一、英文名：Disodium Monolauryl Sulfosuccinate二、化学名：月桂基磺化琥珀酸单酯二钠三、化]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px;font-weight: bold;line-height: 38px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/16/190942921.jpeg" title="" alt=""/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px;font-weight: bold;line-height: 38px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px;font-weight: bold;line-height: 38px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">月桂基磺化琥珀酸单酯二钠（</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-weight: bold;line-height: 38px;font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">DLS</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px;font-weight: bold;line-height: 38px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：&nbsp;<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Disodium Mo<i></i>nolauryl Sulfosuccinate</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：月桂基磺化琥珀酸单酯二钠</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、化学结构式<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">: ROCO-CH2-CH(SO3Na)-COONa</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、产品特性</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">常温下为白色细腻膏体，加热后（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&gt;70</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">℃）为透明液体；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">泡沫细密丰富；无滑腻感，非常容易冲洗；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">去污力强，脱脂力低，属常见的温和性表面活性剂；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">能与其它表面活性剂配伍，并降低其刺激性；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">耐硬水，生物降解性好，性能价格比高。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; 1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">外观（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">25</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">℃）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">纯白色细腻膏状体</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; 2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">含量 （</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;48.0</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">50.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; 3.Na2SO3<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">0.50</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; 4.PH<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">水溶液）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.5</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">7.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、用途与用量：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用途：配制温和高粘度高度清洁的洗手膏（液）、泡沫洁面膏、泡沫洁面乳、泡沫剃须膏，也可配制爽洁无滑腻的泡沫沐浴露、珠光香波等。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">推荐用量：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">10</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">60%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span class="">脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚</span>（<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">MES</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Disodium Laureth(3) Sulfosuccinate</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、化学结构式：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">RO(CH2CH2O)3COCH2CH(SO3Na)COONa</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、产品特性：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有优良的洗涤、乳化、分散、润湿、增溶性能；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">刺激性低，且能显著降低其他表面活性剂的刺激性；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">泡沫丰富细密稳定；性能价格比高；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">有优良的钙皂分散和抗硬水性能；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">复配性能好，能与多种表面活性剂和植物提取液（如皂角、首乌）复配，形成十分稳定的体系，创制天然用品；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">脱脂力低，去污力适中，极易冲洗且无滑腻感。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">外观（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">25</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">℃）：无色至浅黄色透明粘稠液体</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">活性物 （</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">30.0</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">±</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.PH<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值 （</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.5</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.5</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">色泽（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">APHA</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">50</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.Na2SO3 &nbsp; (%)<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">：≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">0.3</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">泡沫 （</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">mm</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：≥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">150</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、用途与用量：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、用途：制造洗发香波、泡沫浴、沐浴露、洗手液、外科手术清洗及其它化妆品、洗涤日化产品等，还可作为乳化剂、分散剂、润湿剂、发泡剂等。广泛用于涂料、皮革、造纸、油墨、纺织等行业。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、推荐用量：在香波中为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">8-12%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">，在浴液中用量为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">10-15%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">，其它化妆品中为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">0.5-5%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">。应用时</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">PH</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值不应超过</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">7</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">酸单乙醇酰胺磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">DMSS</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Disodium Cocoyl Mo<i></i>noethanolamide Sulfosuccinate</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名称：椰油酸单乙醇酰胺磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、结构式：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">RCONHCH2CH2OCOCHCH(SO3Na)COONa</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、产品特性：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有优良的洗涤、乳化、分散、润湿、增溶性能；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">刺激性低，且能显著降低其他表面活性剂的刺激性；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">泡沫丰富细密稳定；稳泡性能优于醇醚型磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">有优良的钙皂分散和抗硬水性能；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">脱脂力低，去污力适中，极易冲洗且无滑腻感。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">外观（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">25</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">℃）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">微黄色透明液体</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">活性物 （</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">30.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.PH&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值 （</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; 5.5</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">7.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.Na2SO3 &nbsp; (%)<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">0.3 &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">泡 沫 （</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">mm</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">160</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、用途与用量：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、用途：制造洗发香波、泡沫浴、沐浴露、洗手液、外科手术清洗及其它化妆品、洗涤日化产品等，还可作为乳化剂、分散剂、润湿剂、发泡剂等。广泛用于涂料、皮革、造纸、油墨、纺织等行业。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、推荐用量：在香波中为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">8-12%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">，在浴液中用量为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">10-15%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">，其它化妆品中为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">0.5-5%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">。应用时</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">PH</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值不应超过</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">7</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">单月桂基磷酸酯<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">MAP</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Lauryl alcohol phosphate acid ester</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：单月桂基磷酸酯</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、化学结构式：&nbsp;<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">ROPO</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">OH</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2 &nbsp; R:</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">为天然月桂醇</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、技术指标：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">固含量（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">97.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">磷 酸（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">外观（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">25</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">℃）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">白色至淡黄色乳脂块状</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.PH&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">10/L10%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">乙醇）： ≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">酸价</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">AV1</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">mgKOH/g</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;194.0</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">204.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">酸价</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">AV2</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">mgKOH/g</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;350.0</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">375.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、产品特性：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">优良的乳化性和增溶性。对动植物油脂、脂肪酸酯、硅油、矿物油均</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">有优良的乳化能力；</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">在低浓度下具有良好的表面活性，显现优良的润湿洗涤性能和协同增效作用；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">无毒、无刺激，类似天然磷脂，与皮肤亲和性好，高效低泡易冲洗；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">抗静电、抗腐蚀；耐酸、耐碱、耐高温，不耐硬水；</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">常与</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">NaOH</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">KOH</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、乙醇胺、氨水等中和成盐使用。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、用途与用量：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用途：广泛用于个人清洁类护理用品中，如泡沫洁面乳、沐浴液、膏霜、乳液等。配制的化妆品膏体细腻亮泽，并对皮肤有润湿、保湿功能。产品易于冲洗，对皮肤柔软不紧绷。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">推荐用量：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">10%</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">单十二烷基磷酸酯钾<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">MAPK</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Lauryl alcohol phosphoric acid ester potassium</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：单十二烷基磷酸酯钾</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、化学结构式：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">C12H25OPO3K2</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、产品特性：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有低刺激性，类似天然磷酯；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">优良的乳化、增溶、分散性能；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有较低的表面张力、泡沫丰富细腻易冲洗；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">耐盐、耐碱性能优异；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">配伍性良好：能与非离子、阴离子、两性表面活性剂和聚季铵盐类阳离子表面活性剂相溶。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">本品不耐硬水，使用时应添加耐硬水的表面活性剂，如：磺基甜菜碱等。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">外 观（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">25</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">℃）： 常温下为透明液体，常温下为半透明液体，</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">低温时为乳白色液体。 低温时为白色糊状物。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2. PH<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">溶液）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;6.5-7.5</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">含 量</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;35.0</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">±</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">或者</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">50</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">±</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、用途与用量</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用途：主要用作洗涤化妆品的添加剂，增强复配效果，如用在温和洗面奶、沐浴露、婴儿洗护品等作发泡剂、减滑剂、抗静电调理剂等。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">推荐用量：泡沫洁面乳</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">10-50%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">；沐浴露</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">8-15%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">醇醚磷酸酯<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">(AEO3</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">AEO9</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">磷酸酯</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">)</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Polyoxyethylene Laurylether Phosphate</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：月桂醇醚磷酸酯</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、化学式：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">RO(CH2CH2O)n-PO(OH)2</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">和</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">[RO(CH2CH2O)n]2PO(OH)</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; R:C=12-14 &nbsp;n= 3<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">9</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、产品特性：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">．呈阴离子型，常与非离子、阴离子、两性离子复配。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">．具有优良的去污、乳化、分散、净洗、润湿、抗静电和防锈性能，具有较强的脱脂力。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">．稳定性好。耐酸、耐碱、耐高温、耐硬水、耐无机盐。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">．易溶于有机溶剂。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">．温和，对环境无害。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">．外观（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">25</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">℃）：常温下为无色至淡黄色透明粘稠的液体。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">．有效物（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）： ≥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">95.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">．</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">PH</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">10g/L</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">10%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">乙醇溶液） ：≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、用途与用量：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">．用途：用于个人清洁产品中，如香波、浴液、洗面奶；用于家庭、工业硬表面清洁洗涤剂，如洁瓷产品、干洗剂、金属清洁防锈剂等；纺织印染工业作油剂、抗静电剂、渗透剂、煮炼剂和净洗剂；皮革工业作脱脂剂、匀染剂。其他用途：造纸工业脱墨剂；有机磷农药乳化剂、电镀液添加剂，金属切削润滑剂、合成树脂、涂料的颜料分散剂等。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">．推荐用量：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">10%</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">月桂醇醚磷酸酯钾<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">(MAEPK)</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">MAEPK<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">是用于洗涤类用品的阴离子表面活性剂，具有优良的皮肤兼容性，主要作为基础的阴离子表面活性剂或辅助性表面活性剂。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Potassiam polyoxyethylene laurylether phosphate</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：月桂醇醚磷酸酯钾</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、化学结构式：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">RO(CH2CH2O)n-PO(OK)2</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">和</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">[RO(CH2CH2O)n]2PO(OK)</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; R:C=12-14 &nbsp;n= 3<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">9</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、 产品特性：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">特有的温和性和极强的浸润能力；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">起泡速度快，泡沫结构细腻均匀；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">易溶于水</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">-</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">有机物体系，能与水按任意比相溶，溶解度不受温度影响；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">可制成透明度极高的水溶液；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">易与醇醚硫酸盐、<span class="">月桂基硫酸盐</span>及其它各种类型的表面活性剂配伍；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">．酸碱稳定性良好。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">:</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">型 号</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;30</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">型</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 70</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">型</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; 1<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、外 观（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">20</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">℃）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">无色至淡黄色透明粘稠液体</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">无色至淡黄色糊状体</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; 2<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、含 量 （</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 30</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">±</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;70</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">±</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp; 3<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">PH</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">水溶液）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;6.0</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">7.5 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;6.0</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">7.5</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、用途与用量：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用途：适合于温和的婴幼儿护理产品和高档次的香波、泡沫洗面奶、沐浴液、洗手液等中</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">,</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">特别适用于透明产品与抗冻产品。</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">MAEPK</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">在</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">PH</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.2</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">左右可获取最高活性与稳定性。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">推荐用量：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">12%</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">EO=3</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）硫酸铵（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">AESA</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Ammo<i></i>nium Polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol sulfate</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">EO=3</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）硫酸铵</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、结构式：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">RO(CH2CH2O)3SO3NH4 &nbsp;R=C12</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">14</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">烷基</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、产品性能：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有优良的洗涤去污特性；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">温和无毒、脱脂力较低；生物降解性好；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">泡沫丰富细密；耐硬水；配伍性广；易调稠，且稠度受温度的影响小；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">与</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">K12A</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">LSA</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">协同使用效果更加；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">常配制弱酸性（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">PH&lt;7.0</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）洗浴产品具有良好的皮肤舒适感和良好的洗发柔软梳理性。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">型</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">号</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;25</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">型</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 70</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">型</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">外 观（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">25</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">℃）</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">无色透明粘稠液体白色或淡黄色糊状物</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">活性物（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; 25</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">±</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 70</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">±</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">无机盐（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;PH&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">10%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;5.0-7.0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;5.0-7.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">泡 沫（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">mm</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">160 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">160</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、 用途与用量：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用途：用于液体洗涤剂，主要用在洗发香波、沐浴液等低</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">PH</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值洗涤品中。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">推荐用量：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">30%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">。</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">椰油酸单乙醇酰胺（<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span class="">CMEA</span></span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Cocofatty aid mo<i></i>noethanol amide</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：椰油酸单乙醇酰胺</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、结构式：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">RCONHCH2CH2OH</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、产品特性：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">优良的增稠性和泡沫稳定性，用量少且增稠性和安全性优于</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6501</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">配伍性好，并具有极好的协同增效作用。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有优良的润肤、留香、去污和耐硬水性。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">不易溶于水，适合于珠光型产品。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具乳化性和遮光性，用于珠光浆配制。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">生物降解性好，降解率可达</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">97%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">以上。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">外 观：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">常温下为白色至淡黄色片状固体</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">熔 点（℃）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;70</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">±</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">胺 值（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">mgK0H/g</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">10</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.PH&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">10%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">乙醇溶液）：&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">8.0-10.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、用途与用量<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">:</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用途：添加于珠光香波、浴液、洗手剂、洗衣液、香皂、药膏等中用作增稠剂、增泡稳泡剂、去污剂。特别适用于铵盐体系香波、沐浴露、洗手液等。常用于配制珠光浆，还用作酰胺类表面活性剂合成的原料。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">推荐用量：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3%</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">椰油酸二乙醇酰胺（<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6501</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用椰子油为原料，经精炼后直接或间接与二乙醇胺反应合成，是高品质的非离子表面活性剂。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Coco<i></i>nut diethanolamide</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：椰油酸二乙醇酰胺</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、化学结构式：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span class="">RCON</span></span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">CH2CH2OH</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、产品特性：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有显著的增稠、增泡、稳泡性能；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有显著的乳化、去污能力；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">同其它表面活性剂有良好的复配性和协同效应；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有抗静电、防锈、防腐蚀等性能；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">特别适于配制透明产品；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">是性能价格比很高的品种之一。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">型<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">号</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">∶</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1 &nbsp; &nbsp; 1</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">∶</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.5&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">特级不含甘油型</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">外<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">观 常温下（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">25</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">℃）为淡黄色透明液体</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">气<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">味</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">无异味</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">游离脂肪酸（<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">） ≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">0.5&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">0.5&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">0.5</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">游 离 胺（<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">mgkoH/g</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">） ≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">30.0&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">80.0&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">30.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">色 泽（<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">APHA</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">） ≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">250&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">250&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">300</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">PH<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">10g/L10%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">乙醇）</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">9.0-11.0 9.0-11.0 9.0-11.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、用途与用量：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用途：添加于香波、沐浴露、洗洁精、洗衣液、洗手液等产品中作增泡剂、稳泡剂、增稠剂，乳化去油去污剂。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">推荐用量：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6%</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">(CAB-35)</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Cocoamidopropyl Betaine</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：椰油酰胺丙基二甲胺乙内酯</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、化学结构式：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">RCONH(CH2)3N+(CH3)2CH2COO- &nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、产品特性<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">:</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">有优良的溶解性和配伍性</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有优良的发泡性和显著的增稠性</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有低刺激性和杀菌性，配伍使用能显著提高洗涤类产品的柔</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">软、调理和低温稳定性</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有良好的抗硬水性、抗静电性及生物降解性。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">:</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">外观（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">25oC</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）： 微黄色透明液体</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">活性物（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; 30</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">±</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">氯化钠 （</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.0 &nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.PH<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">水溶液）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.0-7.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">游离胺含量（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）： ≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">0.10 &nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">固含量（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">35.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、用途与用量<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">:</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用途：广泛用于中高级香波、沐浴液、洗手液、泡沫洁面剂等和家居洗涤剂配制中；是制备温和婴儿香波、婴儿泡沫浴、婴儿护肤产品的主要成分；在护发和护肤配方中是一种优良的柔软调理剂；还可用作洗涤剂、润湿剂、增稠剂、抗静电剂及杀菌剂等。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">推荐用量：①香波和浴液中为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3-10%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">；②美容化妆品中为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1-2%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">月桂酰胺丙基甜菜碱<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">(LAB-35)</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Lauramidopropyl Betaine</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：月桂酰胺丙基二甲胺乙内酯</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、化学结构式：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">RCONH(CH2)3N+(CH3)2CH2COO- &nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、产品特性<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">:</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">有优良的溶解性和配伍性</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有优良的发泡性和显著的增稠性</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有低刺激性和杀菌性，配伍使用能显著提高洗涤类产品的柔</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">软、调理和低温稳定性</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有良好的抗硬水性、抗静电性及生物降解性。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">:</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">外观（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">25oC</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）： 微黄色透明液体</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">活性物（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; 30</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">±</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">氯化钠 （</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.0 &nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.PH<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">水溶液）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.0-7.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">游离胺含量（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）： ≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">0.10 &nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">固含量（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">35.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、用途与用量<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">:</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用途：广泛用于中高级香波、沐浴液、洗手液、泡沫洁面剂等和家居洗涤剂配制中；是制备温和婴儿香波、婴儿泡沫浴、婴儿护肤产品的主要成分；在护发和护肤配方中是一种优良的柔软调理剂；还可用作洗涤剂、润湿剂、增稠剂、抗静电剂及杀菌剂等。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">推荐用量：①香波和浴液中为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3-10%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">；②美容化妆品中为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1-2%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">椰油酰胺丙基羟磺基甜菜碱<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">(CHSB)</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Cocoamido propyl hydroxy sulfoBetaine</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：椰油酰胺丙基羟磺基甜菜碱</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、化学结构式：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">RCONH(CH2)3N+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2SO3- &nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、产品特性<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">:</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">有优良的溶解性和配伍性；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有优良的发泡性和显著的增稠性；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有低刺激性和杀菌性，配伍使用能显著提高洗涤类产品的柔</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">软、调理和低温稳定性；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有比</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">CAB</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">更优良的抗硬水性、抗静电性及生物降解性；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">酰胺型的磺基甜菜碱具有更好的温和性和泡沫性与稳泡性；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">对皂基有增稠性能。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">:</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">型 号 规 格&nbsp;<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">CHSB-35 CHSB-50</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">外 观 无色至微黄色透明液体 无色至微黄色透明液体</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">活性物（<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">30</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">±</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1 40</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">±</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">含 量 （<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">） ≥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">35.0&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">≥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">48.5</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">游离胺&nbsp;<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">(%) 0.5 0.8</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">氯化钠（<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.5 7.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">PH&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">水溶液）&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.0-7.0 6.0-7.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、用途与用量<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">:</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用途：广泛用于中高级香波、沐浴液中；是制备温和婴儿香波、婴儿泡沫浴、婴儿护肤产品的主要成分；在护发和护肤配方中是一种优良的柔软调理剂；还可用作洗涤剂、润湿剂、增稠剂、抗静电剂及杀菌剂等。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用量：①在复配香波和浴液中为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3-10%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">；②在美容化妆品中使用量为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1-2%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">月桂酰胺丙基羟磺基甜菜碱<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">(LHSB-35)</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Lauramidopropyl Hydroxy SulfoBetaine</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：月桂酰胺丙基羟磺基甜菜碱</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、化学结构式：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">RCONH(CH2)3N+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2SO3- &nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、产品特性<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">:</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">有优良的溶解性和配伍性；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有优良的发泡性和显著的增稠性；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有低刺激性和杀菌性，配伍使用能显著提高洗涤类产品的柔</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">软、调理和低温稳定性；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">具有比</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">CAB</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">更优良的抗硬水性、抗静电性及生物降解性；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">酰胺型的磺基甜菜碱具有更好的温和性和泡沫性与稳泡性；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">对皂基有增稠性能。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">:</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">外 观无色至微黄色透明液体</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">活性物（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">30</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">±</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">含 量（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：≥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">35.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">游离胺&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">(%)</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">0.5</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">氯化钠（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.5</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.PH&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">水溶液）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.0</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">7.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、用途与用量<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">:</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用途：广泛用于中高级香波、沐浴液中；是制备温和婴儿香波、婴儿泡沫浴、婴儿护肤产品的主要成分；在护发和护肤配方中是一种优良的柔软调理剂；还可用作洗涤剂、润湿剂、增稠剂、抗静电剂及杀菌剂等。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用量：①在复配香波和浴液中为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3-10%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">；②在美容化妆品中使用量为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1-2%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">月桂酰胺丙基氧化胺（<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">LAO-30</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">月桂酰胺丙基氧化胺（<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">LAO</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）是氧化胺类表面活性剂，具有良好的发泡、增稠、调理和抗静电性能，能显著提高产品的综合洗涤能力，在一般用量下，对皮肤和头发非常温和。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Lauramidopropylamine oxide</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：月桂酰胺丙基氧化胺</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、化学结构式：&nbsp;<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">CH3</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">CH2</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">10CONH</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">CH2</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3N</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">CH3</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2O</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、产品特性</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、与阴离子、阳离子、两性离子和非离子表面活性剂相溶性好。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、能产生丰富稠厚细腻的泡沫。对适当比例的阴离子表面活性剂有明显的增稠效果。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、能有效地降低产品中其他表面活性剂的刺激性。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、具有良好的抗静电性，是理想的调理剂。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">、低温稳定性好。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">外 观：无色至微黄色透明液体</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">气 味：与标准样品相同，无异味</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">活性物（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">30.0</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">±</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">游离胺（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">0.5</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5. PH<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">水溶液）：&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.0-8.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、用途与用量</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用途：月桂酰胺丙基氧化胺（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">LAO</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）对皮肤和头发非常温和，如作为润肤时，可赋予皮肤光滑舒适感，也能使一般原料配制的香波产生稠密的奶油状泡沫，适用于香波、沐浴露、洗面奶、洗手液、婴儿洗护用品、餐具洗涤剂和硬表面活性剂等洗涤用品。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">推荐用量：&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3%-10%</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">月桂基两性醋酸钠（<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">LAD-30</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">月桂基两性醋酸钠对皮肤和眼睛具有特别的温和性和极低的刺激性，是阴离子表面活性剂无法比拟的；其发泡力、泡沫结构都优于甜菜碱。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Disodium Lauryl amphoacetate &nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：月桂基亚氨基二乙酸二钠</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、结构式：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">RN</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">CH2COONa</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、产品特性：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">月桂基两性醋酸钠与各种表面活性剂的相溶性好，并能与皂基配伍；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">刺激性低，对皮肤、眼睛特别温和，与阴离子表面活性剂相配能显著降低其刺激性；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">良好的发泡力，泡沫丰富细密，肤感好，能显著改善配方体系的泡沫状态；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">在香波中有调理作用，可替代甜菜碱；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">耐盐性好，在广泛</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">PH</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值范围内稳定；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">易生物降解，安全性好。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">外</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">观： 无色至微黄色透明粘稠液体</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">, &nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">含 量（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">30</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">±</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">，</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">气</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">味：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">无异味，</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">粘度</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">(25</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">℃</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">,cps)</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">：&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5000-10000,</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5.NaCl(%)<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">：≤</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">9.0, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.PH<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">(1%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">水溶液</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">)</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">：&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6.0-8.0,</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、用途用量：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用途：用在洗面奶、洁面啫喱、儿童洗涤剂中，特别适用于温和低刺激无泪配方中。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">推荐用量：洗面奶中</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">15-40%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">，沐浴液中</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">8-30%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">，香波中</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">6-12%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">脂肪酸钾皂（<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">SFP</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">脂肪酸钾皂是一种阴离子表面活性剂，可作为高效洗净型高级沐浴露和液体皂的主体活性物。在碱性条件下，能任意与阴离子、非离子及高聚物阳离子表面活性剂复配，使沐浴者自始至终感到爽洁、舒适。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">一、英文名：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">Soap of Fatty Acid Potassium</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">二、化学名：脂肪酸钾皂</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">三、化学结构式：<span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">RCOOK</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">四、产品特性：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">与阴离子、非离子表面活性剂相容性好；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">泡沫丰富，洗净效果明显；</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">减滑性能好。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">五、技术指标：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">外 观：无色至淡黄色透明液体</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">气 味：无异味</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">3.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">含 量 （</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">30</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">—</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">35%</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">4. PH&nbsp;<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">值（</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">5%</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">水溶液）：</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">9.0-11.0</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">六、使用方法：</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">1.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">用途：主要用于配制沐浴液、洗面奶、洗手液和婴儿用品等。</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">2.<span style="overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">推荐用量：&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant;">10-30%</span></span></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-16 19:07:23</pubDate></item><item id="44"><title><![CDATA[阴离子表面活性剂的特点和分类]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/44.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/16/190006791.jpeg</thumb><description><![CDATA[在本系列博客文章的第一部分和第二部分中，我们研究了表面活性剂的一般结构，它们如何由疏水尾部和亲水头部组成，以及如何根据头]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;"><span style="min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/16/185940501.jpeg" title="" alt="" width="250" height="291"/></span></p><p style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;"><span style="min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">在本系列博客文章的第一部分和第二部分中，我们研究了表面活性剂的一般结构，它们如何由疏水尾部和亲水头部组成，以及如何根据头部的电荷创建四个基团，阴离子（带负电荷）、阳离子（带正电荷）、非离子（不带电荷）和两性（带正电荷和负电荷）。</span></p><p style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">虽然了解表面活性剂是否带有一定电荷非常重要，但这只是故事的一半。了解分子的实际结构同样重要；并非所有具有特定电荷的表面活性剂都具有相同的性能，即使它们带相同的电荷，配方的变化也会对表面活性剂产生不同的影响。</span></p><h2 style="min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Lato; vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 16px;">2.1.&nbsp;阴离子亚群</span></h2><p style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">对于<span class="">阴离子表面活性剂</span>，区分亚组的一个简单方法是查看亲水头并检查哪个原子允许其带负电。有 3 种常用的可能性：硫 (S)、磷 (P) 和碳 (C)。这些原子本身都带正电，这就是它们吸引带负电的氧 (O) 的原因。然而，简单地说，这三个分子周围没有足够的空间来满足所有氧原子的需要，这就是为什么最终所有这些分子都会附着一个带负电的氧，从而使分子带有负的阴离子电荷。</span></p><h2 style="text-wrap: wrap; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Lato; vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 16px;">2.1.1.&nbsp;硫酸盐</span></h2><p style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;margin-bottom: 24px;"><br/></p><p style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;"><span style="min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">硫酸盐表面活性剂非常常用。十二烷基硫酸钠 (SLS)、十二烷基硫酸铵 (ALS) 或多辛基磺基<span class="">琥珀酸钠</span>（多库酯钠）等成分几乎存在于所有清洁剂、洗发水、牙膏、肥皂或介于两者之间的任何产品中。它们在一些实验室和制药应用中也经常用作表面活性剂，以及在食品工业中用作添加剂。</span></p><p style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;"><span style="min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">硫酸盐表面活性剂具有高至极高的泡沫，其中十二烷基硫酸盐的泡沫特别丰富。与其他阴离子表面活性剂一样，硫酸盐可能有点刺激，如果经常使用，有些可能会产生轻微刺激。</span></p><p style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;">一些相对温和但起泡效果仍然很好的硫酸盐表面活性剂是羟乙基磺酸盐，例如</span><span style="font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;">椰油酰基<span class="">羟乙基磺酸钠</span></span><span style="font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;">，以及非常相似的牛磺酸盐，例如甲基椰油酰基牛磺酸钠。与许多其他表面活性剂不同，这两个亚组都可以在硬水中发挥作用。它们通常与<span class="">两性表面活性剂</span>结合使用，以改善其相对较低的溶解度。</span></span></p><h2 style="min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Lato; vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 16px;">2.1.2.&nbsp;磷酸盐</span></h2><p style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;"><br/></p><p style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;"><span style="min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">磷酸盐表面活性剂通常以磷酸酯的形式存在。这些表面活性剂通常不适合在化妆品中使用，但非常适合各种清洁应用。它们通常由（通常是天然的）脂肪醇制成，这些脂肪醇被磷酸化以用磷取代醇，从而使分子带有负的阴离子电荷。</span></p><p style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">磷酸盐的优点主要在于其稳定性和溶解度。这些分子在很宽的 pH 范围内都很稳定，同时又非常容易溶解。磷酸酯大多是中等发泡，但其范围可以从低到高。它们通常是非化妆品应用中润湿剂和乳化剂的首选表面活性剂。另一个优点是磷酸酯具有很强的缓蚀作用。</span></p><h2 style="min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Lato; vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 16px;">2.1.3.&nbsp;羧酸盐</span></h2><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"><br/></span></p><p style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;"><span style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;">羧酸盐传统上是使用最广泛的表面活性剂之一。许多肥皂、洗发水、除臭剂，甚至药品和食品添加剂都使用这些表面活性剂。非常常见的例子包括硬脂酸钠和</span>月桂酰肌氨酸钠<span style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;">（肌氨酸）。这些表面活性剂是通过脂肪和油的皂化而制成的。这意味着向脂肪和油中添加碱，然后生成羧酸盐。</span></p><p style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">与硫酸盐相比，羧酸盐的刺激性和起泡性通常较低。它们的温和特性使其非常适合用于各种个人护理和化妆品。</span></p><h2 style="min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Lato; vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;font-size: 16px;">2.1.4.&nbsp;氨基酸表面活性剂</span></h2><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 氨基酸表面活性剂（AAS）是阴离子表面活性剂中的一个特例。顾名思义，AAS 基于氨基酸。这些有机分子构成了所有生物的组成部分。氨基酸还有一个非常不言自明的名称：这些分子在分子的一侧有一个胺基，在另一侧有一个羧酸基。在生命系统中，这使得它们非常通用，因为其他分子可以通过分子两侧的不同过程非常特定地附着。当它们用作表面活性剂时也是如此。氨基酸有很多很多，但真正用于制造表面活性剂的只有少数。氨基酸都具有相同的主链（胺-碳-酸），但它们的区别在于主链中碳原子的连接方式。这使得 AAS 类别成为非常特殊的表面活性剂类别，同时也非常多样化和广泛。它们都具有相似的特性，例如非常温和且高度可生物降解。大多数 AAS 的疏水尾部附着在分子的胺侧，而酸侧则游离。这使得分子看起来与传统表面活性剂相似，一侧有长的疏水尾部，另一侧有亲水头部。然而，其他分子不使用传统的长脂肪尾，因此这些分子将更多地依赖氨基酸中存在的自然极性。大多数 AAS 的疏水尾部附着在分子的胺侧，而酸侧则游离。这使得分子看起来与传统表面活性剂相似，一侧有长的疏水尾部，另一侧有亲水头部。然而，其他分子不使用传统的长脂肪尾，因此这些分子将更多地依赖氨基酸中存在的自然极性。大多数 AAS 的疏水尾部附着在分子的胺侧，而酸侧则游离。这使得分子看起来与传统表面活性剂相似，一侧有长的疏水尾部，另一侧有亲水头部。然而，其他分子不使用传统的长脂肪尾，因此这些分子将更多地依赖氨基酸中存在的自然极性。</span><br/></p><p style="min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;">常用的氨基酸有谷氨酸、甘氨酸（肌氨酸是甘氨酸衍生物）、精氨酸、天冬氨酸和丙氨酸。虽然这些是非常不同的氨基酸，但它们产生的表面活性剂却非常相似。它们具有非常温和的清洁特性，甚至可以用于敏感皮肤的产品中。由于它们是由有机构建块制成的，因此它们在保持高功效的同时还具有非常低的毒性。除此之外，它们还可以非常保湿。此外，具有两个酸基团的 AAS，例如基于氨基酸谷氨酸的 AAS（</span><span style="font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;">椰油酰谷氨酸二钠</span><span style="font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;">、</span><span style="font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;">月桂酰谷氨酸钠</span><span style="font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;">或</span><span style="font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;">谷氨酸二乙酸四钠）</span><span style="font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;font-family: inherit;min-height: 0px;min-width: 0px;vertical-align: inherit;">），还可以作为传统螯合剂和水软化剂的优良环保替代品。</span></span></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-16 18:56:54</pubDate></item><item id="43"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂表面(界面)张力的分析检测方法]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/43.html</link><thumb></thumb><description><![CDATA[表面张力是表面活性剂溶液的一个非常重要的物化性能。表面活性剂的许多应用性能都与它有关，比如润湿、洗涤、增溶、分散等。 通]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 30, 170);"><strong><span class="">表面张力</span>是表面活性剂溶液的一个非常重要的物化性能。表面活性剂的许多应用性能都与它有关，比如润湿、洗涤、增溶、分散等。</strong></span></span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/16/185559831.jpg" title="" alt="" width="227" height="241"/></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">&nbsp; 通常把一个相与它本身的饱和蒸气相接触的面称为表面，把两个不同物质相接触的面称为界面。但实际中常常把一相为空气的接触面称为表面。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面</span>(<span style="font-family: 宋体;">界面</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">张力是由自由表面能引起的沿液面表面作用在单位长度上的力，在数值上同单位表面上的自由表面能相等。表面张力单位是牛顿／米</span>(N<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>m)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">或毫牛顿／米</span>(mN<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>m)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面张力</span>(<span style="font-family: 宋体;">或者说自由表面能</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">产生的根本原因是由于表面或界面层的分子受力不平衡所致。分子之间作用力越大，表面张力越、大。一般来说，极性物质的表面张力比非极性物质的大，固体的表面张力比液体的大。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面张力的测定方法很多，如环法、滴体积法</span>(<span style="font-family: 宋体;">或滴重法</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">、最大气泡法、平板法、毛细管上升</span>(<span style="font-family: 宋体;">或下降</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">法、悬滴法、振动喷射法等。我国国家标准规定了采用拉起液膜法及滴体积法测定表面张力及界面张力。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">影响表面张力的因素很多，因此，测定表面张力时需注意以下几个方面：①溶液要恒温。通常，温度升高，表面张力降低。例如，水的表面张力</span>r<sub>H2O</sub>(mN<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>m)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">与温度</span>t(<span style="font-family: 宋体;">℃</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">的关系为：</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">r<sub>H2O</sub>=75<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>680<span style="font-family: 宋体;">—</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>138t<span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>356<span style="font-family: 宋体;">×</span>10<sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">—</span>3</sup>t<sup>2</sup>+0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>47<span style="font-family: 宋体;">×</span>10<sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">—</span>6</sup>t<sup>3</sup></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">所以温度变化要控制在±</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体;">℃以内。②测量要在洁净的环境中进行，尽量使测量体系封闭。溶液的表面对于大气灰尘或周围的挥发性化学溶剂非常敏感，少量的杂质即会影响测量值的准确性。所以在进行测定的房间内不应存放或处理挥发性物品，全部仪器应该用保护天平的罩子保护起来，与所测液体有接触的测量器件，如铂丝环、毛细管、测量杯等必须洁净。③水须达到一定的纯度。另外，不同溶液，其表面达到平衡的时间不同，可从数分钟到数小时，因此，需根据具体情况选择合适的测定方法。可在一段时间内多次测量，根据表面张力与时间的曲线，确定表面达到平衡的时间。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>1</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">拉起液膜法</span>(GB 5549</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">—</span>90)</strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">拉起液膜法适用于表面活性剂有机溶液和含有多种表面活性剂的混合液以及纯液体或溶液的表面张力的测定。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">原理</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">一个平整的圆环放入待测的表面活性剂溶液中，被向上提出液面时，会在圆环与液面之间形成一液膜，此液膜对圆环产生一个垂直向下的力，测定出拉破圆环下液膜所需的最小的力，即为该待测溶液的表面张力。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">试剂及溶液</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">蒸馏水：用磨砂玻璃接头的石英蒸馏器</span>(<span style="font-family: 宋体;">不加润滑脂</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">在氮气保护下制备的二次蒸馏水。蒸馏、贮存时不允许和软木塞尤其是橡皮塞接触，以防玷污水质。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面活性剂溶液：取一定量的表面活性剂样品，用蒸馏水小心地配制成试样溶液。溶液的温度要保持一定，温度变化应在</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>5<span style="font-family: 宋体;">℃之内</span>.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">在临界溶度点附近进行测定时，例如在克拉夫特</span>(Krafft)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">点、环氧乙烷缩合物的<span class="">浊点</span>等，误差较大。所以最好在高于克拉夫特点或低于环氧乙烷缩合物的浊点温度下进行测定。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">测试仪器</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面张力仪：</span>JZHY<span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span>180<span style="font-family: 宋体;">型界面张力仪</span>(<span style="font-family: 宋体;">见图</span>1)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">或同等效果的其他型号界面张力仪。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/16/185613481.jpg" title="" alt=""/></span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">图</span>1 JZHY</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span>180</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">型界面张力仪</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>A</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一铂金圆环</span>l B</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一测量杯；</span>c</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一平台，</span>D</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一调节水平的螺丝</span>IE</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一连接圆环的臂；</span>F</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一刻度盘</span>}G</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一游标</span>I H</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一钢丝</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">测量杯：直径大于</span>8 cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">的圆筒形玻璃皿。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">(4)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">测试步骤</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．清洗仪器把测试用的铂金圆环和测量杯先用重铬酸钾饱和溶液和硫酸的混合液</span>(<span style="font-family: 宋体;">重铬酸钾饱和溶液</span>+<span style="font-family: 宋体;">硫酸</span>=100mL+900mL)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">浸洗，然后用水冲洗至中性。也可用乙醇灯灼烧铂金圆环。清洁的铂金圆环和测量杯内表面要避免用手指触摸。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">b<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．校正仪器首先调节界面张力仪底部的升降螺丝，使仪器平台呈水平。之后，检查铂金圆环的周边是否水平，如不呈水平则调正之。再调整零点，然后将已知质量的游码置于仪器的圆环上，测出其读数。用下式计算应得的值：</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">式中</span>9<span style="font-family: 宋体;">——重力加速度，</span>m<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>s<sup>2</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">；</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">m<span style="font-family: 宋体;">——游码的质量，</span>g<span style="font-family: 宋体;">；</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; L<span style="font-family: 宋体;">——铂金圆环的周长，</span>m<span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">如测出的读数与计算值不符时，调节仪器直至相符为止。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．测定测定应在恒温室中进行。测试液的温度应保持恒定，该温度一般可在</span>20<span style="font-family: 宋体;">～</span>25<span style="font-family: 宋体;">℃范围内任选一种。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">测定时，测量杯先用待测溶液冲洗几次，然后用移液管从大量待测溶液的中部吸取试验份样于测量杯内。将此测量杯放在仪器的平台上，升起平台至铂金圆环浸入测试溶液的中部，再慢慢地放低平台，同时调节连接铂金圆环的臂上的拉力，使臂上的平衡指针与反射镜上的红线重合。继续小心缓慢地降低平台。并不断调节臂上的拉力，使铂金圆环上、下二力始终保持平衡。当铂金圆环刚露出液面时，在圆环与液面之间会形成一液膜，当拉力增大到一定程度时，液膜破裂，读出此时刻度盘上的读数，即为该测试溶液测得的表面张力值。测量示意图如图</span>2<span style="font-family: 宋体;">所示。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;<img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/16/185622881.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">图</span>2</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面张力测量</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">重复上述操作，连续测试</span>5<span style="font-family: 宋体;">次。同一样品连续</span>5<span style="font-family: 宋体;">次测得的表面张力值相差不允许超过</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>2mN<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>m<span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">分析结果的表述</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">将</span>5<span style="font-family: 宋体;">次连续测得的数值取其算术平均值。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">本方法系采用圆环测定溶液的表面张力。实际表面张力值</span>r(mN<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>m)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">应根据测得的表面张力值</span>P<span style="font-family: 宋体;">乘以校正因子</span>F<span style="font-family: 宋体;">而得，计算式如下：</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>R=pF</strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;JZHY<span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span>180<span style="font-family: 宋体;">型界面张力仪的校正因子</span>F<span style="font-family: 宋体;">是由下式求得：</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">式中</span>&nbsp; C<span style="font-family: 宋体;">——铂金圆环的周长，</span>cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">；</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">R<span style="font-family: 宋体;">——铂金圆环的平均半径，</span>cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">；</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">r<span style="font-family: 宋体;">——铂金丝的半径，</span>cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">；</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">p<span style="font-family: 宋体;">——测得的表面张力值，</span>mN<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>m<span style="font-family: 宋体;">；</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">P<sub>1</sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;">——测试溶液的密度，</span>g<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>cm<sup>3</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">；</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">P<sub>2</sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;">——空气的密度，</span>g<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>cm<sup>3</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>2</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">滴体积法</span>(GB ll985--89)</strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">滴体积法适用于测定表面活性剂在水或有机溶剂中的两种溶液间的界面张力。本方法与拉起液膜法相比具有下列优点。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">①能测定包括阳离子表面活性剂在内的各类表面活性剂溶液的两液相间的界面张力；</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">②能测定黏稠液体的界面张力；</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">③能准确测定</span>lmN<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>m<span style="font-family: 宋体;">级的低界面张力；</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">④重复性的标准偏差小于士</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>5 mN<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>m(<span style="font-family: 宋体;">可用于工业实验室控制</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">；</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">⑤仅用少量溶液就能测定界面张力；</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">⑥用一简单的自动装置，即可测量界面张力与时间的关系。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">(1)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">原理</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">测量在直立毛细管端形成的水相液滴经与有机相接触而从管端脱落时的体积。由液滴重量与支持它的界面张力的力相平衡，再加一校正因子，可得到两液相间的界面张力。由滴体积、毛细管半径、两液相间密度差及重力加速度计算出界面张力。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">试验用水</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">适用于制备表面活性剂溶液的水应为用磨砂玻璃接头的石英蒸馏器</span>(<span style="font-family: 宋体;">不加润滑脂</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">在氮气保护下制备的二次蒸馏水，不能用软木塞或橡皮塞。可用的水应符合下列要求。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．电导率</span>(25<span style="font-family: 宋体;">℃</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">：最大</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>1S<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">；</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．表面张力</span>(20C)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">：最低</span>71 mN<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>m,</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">C<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．吸光度</span>(<span style="font-family: 宋体;">于波长</span>254nm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">，</span>lcm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">厚池</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">：最大</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>01<span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">(3)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">仪器</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">测量仪见图</span>3<span style="font-family: 宋体;">。测量仪包括如下单元。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;<img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/16/185629251.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">图</span>4-3</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">滴体积法表面张力测量仪</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>1</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一测微计；</span>2</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一测微计及玻璃注射器固定架；</span>3</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一盖子；</span>4</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一玻璃注射器；</span>5</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一锥形磨砂玻璃接头；</span>6</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一毛细管；</span>7</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一夹套玻璃杯；</span>8</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一水相</span>;9</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一有机相；</span>l0</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一调温液体</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．玻璃注射器，经精确校准，容积为</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>5<span style="font-family: 宋体;">耐或</span>l<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>0cm<sup>3</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，用测微螺杆驱动，其刻度使液滴体积准确计量至±</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>0001cm<sup>3</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．毛细管。用玻璃或不锈钢制毛细管，口端与注射器相接，并能拆下清冼。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">玻璃毛细管的制备从直径合适且均匀一致的高质量小口径玻璃毛细管切下约</span>4cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">长的一段，一端加工成能衔接玻璃注射器的磨砂口，另一端在一块涂有金刚砂细粉的玻璃板上精密研磨。为避免磨光时毛细管晃动，将其嵌入内径约</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>5cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">玻璃管内所容纳的石蜡</span>(<span style="font-family: 宋体;">软化点约</span>70<span style="font-family: 宋体;">℃</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">中。毛细管必须呈水平，并垂直于其轴线。其圆周应无缺口。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span class="">不锈钢毛细管</span>的制备从直径合适且均匀一致的高质量小口径不锈钢毛细管切下一段约</span>4cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">长的小管，一端用精密车床切剖使与管轴精密地成为直角，另一端装配一聚四氟乙烯连接头。根据界面张力值及密度差，毛细管外半径应在</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体;">～</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>4cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">之间选择。</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．夹套玻璃容器，内径</span>2<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>5<span style="font-family: 宋体;">～</span>4cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">，高度大于</span>5cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">，能调温并可容纳注射器和毛细管。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">d<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．超级恒温器，可控制水浴温度准确至±</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>5<span style="font-family: 宋体;">℃。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">(4)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">仪器的安装</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">注射器及毛细管应装在一可使其垂直移动的支架上。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">将支架固定在防震台的金属板上。因用手旋动测微螺杆会引起震动，所以最好使用一微电机驱动测微螺杆。如用直流电机驱动，应采用电子仪表调节速度，勿使电机关闭后越程。也可选用步进电机，其垂直位移可用电子仪表控制。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">水的循环会引起小的震动，因此测定时当液滴临近最大体积时，应关闭恒温器。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">测量</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．表面活性剂溶液的制备</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">①制备供测定用的表面活性剂溶液时，需格外小心。其制备用水应为二次蒸馏水，可用测量其表面张力来检验。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">②溶液温度偏差应保持在</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>5<span style="font-family: 宋体;">℃以内。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">在接近<span class="">临界溶解温度</span></span>(Krafft<span style="font-family: 宋体;">温度</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">或在加成环氧乙烷的非离子表面活性剂浑浊温度进行测定时，极易造成误差。试验最好在高于</span>Krafft<span style="font-family: 宋体;">温度或低干非离子表面活性剂的浑浊温度下进行。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">③由于两液相的互相饱和和表面活性剂在界面上的吸附均需要时间，所以界面张力会随时间而变化，且不同体系的时效不同，很难推荐一致的标准时效，因此，最好在一段时间内进行数次测量，以得到界面张力对时间的函数曲线，由曲线的平坦位置，确定界面达到静态的时间。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">④大气中的尘埃或附近使用溶剂所散发出的蒸气极易污染液体表面，因此，在进行测定的室内应不存放或处理易挥发性溶剂物品。整个仪器应当用天平罩保护起来，这还可减少温度的变化。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">⑤因溶液表面易受不溶粒子及尘埃污染，建议使用移液管从大量待测液相的中心吸取液相的试验份。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．测量仪器的清洗所使用的玻璃仪器采用硫酸铬酸混合液、磷酸或过硫酸钾硫酸溶液彻底清洗干净。如遇有用上述清洗液除不‘掉的杂质，如硅酮，可用专门溶剂</span>(<span style="font-family: 宋体;">如甲苯、全氯乙烯或氢氧化钾的甲醇或乙醇溶液</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">清洗注射器、毛细管、玻璃夹套容器。如无上述杂质，或用溶剂冲洗后，均需用热的过硫酸钾或过硫酸铵的硫酸溶液仔细地洗涤测量仪器，然后用新制备的二次蒸馏水冲洗至中性。为了减少污染，最后用水相冲洗注射器和毛细管。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">测量前，测量仪器应完全干燥。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">c<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．测量仪器的检验</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">①毛细管半径的测量用读数显微镜</span>(<span style="font-family: 宋体;">最小分度为</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>01mm)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">或精度更高的其他仪器测量毛细管半径，取</span>5<span style="font-family: 宋体;">～</span>10<span style="font-family: 宋体;">次的平均值。用已知密度和界面张力的液体，按附录</span>A<span style="font-family: 宋体;">也可测得毛细管半径，但只有在无读数显微镜和测微计时才采用。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">②液滴体积的测量</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">为准确获得液滴体积，用称量几滴液滴的方法核对由测微螺杆行进得出的指示读数。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; d<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．测定将注射器与毛细管相连，用水相充满注射器，再将有机相注入夹套容器内。如水相密度大于有机相的密度时，将毛细管浸入有机相内至深度超过</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>5 mm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">。为确保毛细管完全润湿，将毛细管浸入有机相前，以一滴水相完全覆盖其尖端。如水相密度低于有机相密度时，毛细管尖端必须朝上，其孔，应在液面下</span>2cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">左右，以便较轻液滴的形成。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">在测定表面活性剂水溶液的静态界面张力</span>(<span style="font-family: 宋体;">即与时间无关的界面张力</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">之前，先用恒温水浴使两种液体达到所需温度，然后经</span>30<span style="font-family: 宋体;">～</span>60s<span style="font-family: 宋体;">，使在毛细管尖端缓慢形成接近最大体积的液滴。液滴体积缓慢增加时，应持续</span>2<span style="font-family: 宋体;">～</span>5min<span style="font-family: 宋体;">。最后，液滴再稍微增大而脱落。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">如液滴体积未增大而脱落，需选择一较小的起始体积；如增大超过</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>O01cm<sup>3</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，则起始体积太小。可用增加液滴脱落时间</span>(2min<span style="font-family: 宋体;">，</span>5min<span style="font-family: 宋体;">，</span>8min<span style="font-family: 宋体;">等</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">法测量至滴体积保持恒定。用自动仪器能更方便地测量静态界面张力。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">以不同的速度持续增大液滴体积至脱落的液滴体积恒定，见图</span>4<span style="font-family: 宋体;">，记下由测微螺杆标尺上读数值确定的体积。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;<img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/16/185638121.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">图</span>4</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">水／石油／表面活性剂</span>(0</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">～</span>19</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>L)</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">体系液滴寿命对界面张力的影响</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>(</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">液滴形成速率</span>0</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>013</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">～</span>0</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>416cm<sup>3</sup></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>min)</strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">根据界面张力值，一支充满的注射器可进行几次测量。第一的滴体积不计。至少要取</span>4<span style="font-family: 宋体;">次测量的滴体积的平均值来计算界面张力。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; e<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．毛细管端的选择在表中列出了</span>r<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>V<sup>1/3</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">不同比值时的校正因子，。最精确的</span>f<span style="font-family: 宋体;">值在</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>65&lt;r&lt; span=&quot;&quot;&gt;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>V<sup>1/3</sup>&lt;0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>95<span style="font-family: 宋体;">，但在</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>3&lt;r&lt; span=&quot;&quot;&gt;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>V<sup>l</sup><sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>3</sup>&lt;1<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>2<span style="font-family: 宋体;">的较宽范围也可令人满意。而实际上，</span>r<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>V<sup>1/3</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">值可在</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>3<span style="font-family: 宋体;">～</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>6<span style="font-family: 宋体;">之间或更大。</span>&lt;/r&lt;&gt;&lt;/r&lt;&gt;</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">图</span>5<span style="font-family: 宋体;">对不同的毛细管常数</span>K<span style="font-family: 宋体;">值绘出了</span>r<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>V<sup>1/3</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">与毛细管外半径的函数曲线。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/16/185644631.jpg" title="" alt=""/></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">图</span>5</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在</span>0</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>3<strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">全部曲线</span>)</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">范围内不同</span>K</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">值</span>(K=</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">△</span>pg</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>r</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，</span>cm<sup>-2</sup>)</strong></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">时</span>r</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>V<sup>1/3</sup></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">与毛细管半径</span>r(cm)</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">变化的曲线</span></strong></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">应用图</span>5<span style="font-family: 宋体;">选择毛细管能使试液形成的液滴在需要的</span>r<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>V<sup>1/3</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">范围内。毛细管常数</span>K<span style="font-family: 宋体;">以厘米的负二次幂</span>(<span class="">cmq</span>)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">表示，由公式△</span>pg<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>r<span style="font-family: 宋体;">确定。选择方法如下。</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">用试液及一任意外半径</span>(r)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">的毛细管，测定滴体积</span>V<span style="font-family: 宋体;">。由</span>r<span style="font-family: 宋体;">及</span>r<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>V<sup>1/3</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">从图</span>5<span style="font-family: 宋体;">上读出毛细管常数</span>K<span style="font-family: 宋体;">。选取图</span>5<span style="font-family: 宋体;">中适宜的</span>K<span style="font-family: 宋体;">值曲线，可得到希望的</span>r<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>V<sup>1/3</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">范围内的</span>r<span style="font-family: 宋体;">值范围。</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">实际上，用</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>2 cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">半径的毛细管通常可测量</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体;">～</span>30mN<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>m<span style="font-family: 宋体;">的界面张力。较低的界面张力可用</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>1cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">半径，较高的界面张力可用</span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>3cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">或更大半径的毛细管。</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; f<span style="font-family: 宋体;">．计算界面张力</span>r(mN<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>m)<span style="font-family: 宋体;">由下式计算</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 宋体;">式中</span>V<span style="font-family: 宋体;">——液滴体积，</span>cm<sup>3</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">；</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">△</span>p<span style="font-family: 宋体;">——两液相在测定温度下的密度差，</span>g<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>cm<sup>3</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">；</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>g<span style="font-family: 宋体;">——重力加速度，</span>981cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>s<sup>2</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">；</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; r<span style="font-family: 宋体;">——所用毛细管外半径，</span>cm<span style="font-family: 宋体;">；</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; f<span style="font-family: 宋体;">——相应于</span>r<span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>V<sup>1/3</sup><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的校正因子，见表</span>6<span style="font-family: 宋体;">、表</span>7<span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表</span>6 r</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>V<sup>l/3</sup></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">值在</span>0</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>65</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">～</span>0</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>95</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">：之间每间隔</span>0</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>01</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的校正因子</span>f</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">值</span></strong></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><br/></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表</span>7 r</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">／</span>V<sup>1/3</sup></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">值在</span>0</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>3</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">～</span>1</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>2</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">之间每间隔</span>0</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span>01</strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的校正因子，值</span></strong></strong></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-16 18:54:00</pubDate></item><item id="38"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂的分类和应用]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/38.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/16/170644791.jpeg</thumb><description><![CDATA[表面活性剂用途极其广泛，其应用几乎渗透到所有工业领域，很难找到哪一项工业与表面活性剂无关。在许多行业中，表面活性剂起到画]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/16/170628501.jpeg" title="" alt=""/></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">表面活性剂用途极其广泛，其应用几乎渗透到所有工业领域，很难找到哪一项工业与表面活性剂无关。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">在许多行业中，表面活性剂起到画龙点睛的作用，作为最重要的助剂常能极大地改进生产工艺和产品性能。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">可以毫不夸张地说表面活性剂是当今最重要的化学工业助剂，因而被称为“<span class="">工业味精</span>”。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><br/></span></p><p><section><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="">工业表面活性剂</span>可以分成两大类：</span></section><section><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">工</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">业清洗 /&nbsp;</span></strong><strong style="font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">利用表面活性剂的派生性质作为工业助剂使用</span></strong></section></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.034em;">工</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.034em;">业清洗：</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px; text-wrap: wrap;">主要利用表面活性剂的乳化、增溶、润湿、渗透、分散等性能辅以其他有机或无机助剂，<span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">根据被洗物品的性质及特点</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">而有各种配方，这</span>达到清洗去除油渍和锈迹、杀菌及保护表面层的目的。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">火车、船舶等交通工具、机器及零件、电子仪器、印刷设备、油贮罐、核污染物、锅炉、羽绒制品、食品的清洗等。</span><span style="font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">利用表面活性剂的派生性质作为工业助剂使用</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">:<strong>如</strong>润滑、柔软、催化、杀菌、抗静电、增塑、消泡、去味、增稠、降凝、防锈、防水、驱油、防结块，浮选、<span class="">相转移催化</span>等，应用于电子工业、仿生材料、聚合反应、基因工程、生物技术等方面，还有许多应用正在不断开发中。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">工业表面活性剂除了一般的阴离子，非离子、阳离子、<span class="">两性表面活性剂</span>以外，</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">为满足合成橡胶、合成树脂、涂料生产中乳液聚合的需要，还开发了功能性表面活性剂，如反应性表面活性剂，可解离型表面活性剂，含硅、氟、硼等的特种表面活性剂等，</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">广泛应用于纺织印染，化纤工业、石油开采，建材、冶金、交通，造纸、水处理、农药乳化，化肥防结块、油田化学品、食品，胶卷、制药、皮革和国防等各个领域。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">不同类型表面活性剂的主要用途</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>(1)</strong>&nbsp;<strong>阴离子型 &nbsp;</strong>阴离子为羧酸盐型的表面活性剂，若成盐的是可溶性碱金属皂，主要用作洗涤剂、化妆品等。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">若成盐为不溶性皂类，如羧酸钙、羧酸铅、羧酸锰等，能溶于有机溶剂，常用作油漆催干剂、防结块剂等。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">还有多羧酸皂、松香皂、N-酰基氨基羧酸皂，则多用作乳化剂、洗涤剂、润滑油、添加剂、防销剂等。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">阴离子为硫酸酯盐的表面活性剂，由于<span class="">憎水基</span>的化学结构不同，其性质又有所不同，如高级醇硫酸酯盐具有良好的洗净力、乳化力，泡沫丰富，易生物降解，其水溶性和去污力等比肥皂好，且溶液呈中性，不损伤织物，在硬水中不易沉淀，广泛用于家庭及工业洗涤剂、洗发香波、化妆品等领城。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">硫酸化烯烃、硫酸化油、硫酸化脂肪酸酯等，由于憎水基中有支链存在，其渗透力、润湿力好，但洗涤去污力差，多用于纤维印染助剂。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">磺酸盐型阴离子表面活性剂，如烷基苯磺酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、a-烯烃磺酸盐，其洗涤去污力好，被广泛纳入洗衣粉、液体洗涤剂的配方中。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">总之，</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">阴离子型表面活性剂，若是水溶性的，且疏水基是直链型的，主要用作洗涤剂、清净剂，广泛应用于洗涤行业。若憎水基是支链型的，则作为渗透剂、润湿剂及纤维印染助剂使用。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>(2)</strong><strong>阳离子型 </strong>&nbsp; &nbsp;阳离子表面活性剂很少用作清洗剂。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px; text-wrap: wrap;">可用作抗静电剂、纤维的柔软剂、选矿中的捕集剂或浮选剂、金属制品的缓蚀剂</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px; text-wrap: wrap;">等。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">其原因是很多被洗物的基底表面带有负电荷，带正电荷的阳离子表面活性剂不溶解油垢，反而被吸附在基底的表面上。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px; text-wrap: wrap;">阳离子表面活性剂可用于防霉和杀菌&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px; text-wrap: wrap;"><br/></span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px; text-wrap: wrap;"></span>由于脂肪胺及季铵盐可紧密定向排列在细菌半渗透膜与水或空气的界面上，阻碍有机体的呼吸或切断营养物质的来源致使细菌死亡，含有苄基的季铵盐是大家公认有效的杀菌剂。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>(3)</strong><strong>两性型 &nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>两性表面活性剂具有许多优异的性能:&nbsp;良好的去污力、起泡和乳化能力，对硬水、酸碱和各种金属离子都有较强的耐受能力，毒性和皮肤刺激性低，生物降解性好，并具有抗静电和杀菌等特殊性能。广泛应用于抗静电、纤维柔软、特种洗涤剂以及香波、化妆品等领域。其应用范围正在不断扩大。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>(4)</strong><strong>非离子型 &nbsp;</strong> &nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">非离子型表面活性剂的水溶性随亲水性的羟基数目多少或聚氧乙烯醚链的长短而不同。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">一般而言，多元醇型的非离子表面活性剂不单独用作洗涤剂，主要用作乳化剂，或与其他阴离子、阳离子表面活性剂复配用于洗涤剂配方。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">聚氧乙烯醚链可在合成时加以调控，其亲水性可大可小，大者可作洗涤剂使用，小者可作乳化剂、润湿剂使用。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">同时，由于非离子表面活性剂可与阴离子或阳离子表面活性剂兼容，且不受硬水中钙、镁离子的影响，被广泛应用于各种复配剂型表面活性剂配方中。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">以上是普通表面活性剂(碳氢表面活性剂)的性能。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">近几十年来，特种表面活性剂如氟表面活性剂和硅表面活性剂发展迅速，它们不仅具有比普通表面活性剂更高的表面活性(如更低的cmc和Ycmc)，而且具备很多普通表面活性剂不具备的性能。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">如硅表面活性剂的超润湿性、氟表面活性剂的超疏水性、氟表面活性剂水溶液可以在油面上自发铺展形成一层水膜等。这些特殊性能使特种表面活性剂具有普通表面活性剂无法替代的用途。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">实际工业应用中多使用表面活性剂混合物，极少使用表面活性剂纯品。不同表面活性剂混合往往可降低成本，在很多情况下还可增强表面活性剂的性能.</span></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-16 17:05:28</pubDate></item><item id="32"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂与洗涤去污]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/32.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/162052581.jpeg</thumb><description><![CDATA[从广义上讲，洗涤是从被洗涤对象中除去不需要的成分并达到某种目的的过程。通常意义的洗涤是指从载体表面去除污垢的过程。在洗涤]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 25.6px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/162040541.jpeg" title="" alt=""/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 25.6px;">从广义上讲，洗涤是从被洗涤对象中除去不需要的成分并达到某种目的的过程。通常意义的洗涤是指从载体表面去除污垢的过程。在洗涤时，通过一些化学物质（如洗涤剂等）的作用以减弱或消除污垢与载体之间的相互作用，使污垢与载体的结合转变为污垢与洗涤剂的结合，最终使污垢与载体脱离，因被洗涤对象和要清除的污垢是多种多样的，因此洗涤是一个十分复杂的过程，洗涤作用的基本过程可用如下简单关系表示</span><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;">&nbsp;载体••污垢+洗涤剂=载体+污垢•洗涤剂</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">洗涤过程通常可分为两个阶段：一是在洗涤剂的作用下，污垢与其载体分离；二是脱离的污垢被分散﹑悬浮于介质中。洗涤过程是一个可逆过程，分散﹑悬浮于介质中的污垢也有可能从介质中重新沉淀到被洗物上。因此，一种优良的洗涤剂除了具有使污垢脱离载体的能力外，还应有较好的分散和悬浮污垢﹑防止污垢再沉积的能力。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(1) 污垢的种类</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">即使是同一种物品，如果使用环境不同，则污垢的种类﹑成分和数量也会不同。油体污垢主要是一些动﹑植物油及矿物油（如原油﹑燃料油﹑煤焦油等），固体污垢主要是烟尘﹑灰土﹑铁锈﹑炭黑等。就衣服的污垢而言，有来自人体的污垢，如汗﹑皮脂﹑血等；来自食品的污垢，如水果渍﹑食用油渍﹑调味品渍﹑淀粉等；有化妆品带来的污垢，如唇膏﹑指甲油等；从大气中来的污垢，如烟尘﹑灰尘﹑泥土等；其他如墨水﹑茶水﹑涂料等。可以说形形色色，种类繁多。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">各种各样的污垢通常可分为固体污垢﹑液体污垢和特殊污垢三大类。</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">①固体污垢 &nbsp;常见的固体污垢有灰﹑泥﹑土﹑铁锈和炭黑等颗粒。这些颗粒表面大多带有电荷，多数带负电，容易吸附在纤维物品上。一般固体污垢较难溶于水，但可被洗涤剂溶液分散﹑悬浮。质点较小的固体污垢，除去较为困难。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">②液体污垢 &nbsp;液体污垢大都是油溶性的，包括动植油﹑脂肪酸﹑脂肪醇﹑矿物油及其氧化物等。其中动植物油﹑脂肪酸类能与碱发生皂化作用，而脂肪醇 ﹑矿物油则不为碱所皂化，但能溶于醇﹑醚和烃类有机溶剂，并被洗涤剂水溶液乳化和分散。油溶性液体污垢一般与纤维物品具有较强的作用力，在纤维上吸附较为牢固。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">③特殊污垢 &nbsp;特殊污垢有蛋白质﹑淀粉﹑血﹑人体分泌物如汗﹑皮脂﹑尿以及果汁﹑茶汁等。这类污垢大多能通过化学作用而较强地吸附在纤维物品上。故洗涤起来比较困难。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">各种污垢很少单独存在，往往是混在一起，共同吸附在物品上。污垢有时在外界的影响下还会氧化﹑分解或腐败，从而产生新的污垢。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(2) 污垢的黏附作用</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">衣服﹑手等之所以能沾上污垢，是因为物体与污垢之间存在着某种相互作用。污垢在物体上的黏附作用多种多样，但不外乎物理性黏附和化学黏附两种。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">①烟灰﹑尘土﹑泥沙﹑炭黑等在衣物上的黏附属物理黏附。一般来说，通过这种黏附的污垢，与被沾污的物体之间的作用相对较弱，污垢的去除也比较容易。依作用力的不同，污垢的物理黏附又可分为机械力黏附和静电力黏附。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">A：机械力黏附 这一类黏附主要指的是一些固体污垢（如尘土﹑泥沙）的黏附作用。机械力黏附是污垢比较弱的一种黏附方式，几乎可以用单纯的机械方法将污垢去除掉，但当污垢的质点比较小时（﹤0.1um），去除起来比较困难。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">B：静电力黏附 &nbsp;静电力黏附主要表现在带电的污垢粒子在异性电荷物体上的作用。大多数纤维性物品在水中带负电，很容易被某些带正电荷的污垢，如石灰类所黏附。有些污垢尽管带负电荷，如水溶液中的炭黑粒子，但可以通过水中的正离子（如Ca2+﹑Mg2+等）所形成的离子桥（离子在多个异性电荷之间，与它们共同作用，起类似桥梁的作用）附着在纤维上。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">静电作用比简单的机械作用要强，因而污垢去除相对困难些。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">②化学黏附</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">化学黏附是指污垢通过化学键或氢键作用到物体上的现象。如极性固体污垢﹑蛋白质﹑铁锈等在纤维物品上的黏附，纤维中含有羧基﹑羟基﹑酰胺等基团，这些基团和油性污垢的脂肪酸﹑脂肪醇容易形成氢键。化学作用力一般比较强，因而污垢在物体上结合得较为牢固。这类污垢用通常的方法很难去除，需采用特殊的方法来处理。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">污垢黏附的牢固程度与污垢本身的性质和被黏附物的性质有关。一般颗粒容易在纤维性物品上黏附。固体污垢质点越小，则黏附得越牢固。亲水性物体如棉花﹑玻璃等表面上的极性污垢要比非极性污垢黏附得更牢固。而非极性污垢的黏附强度比极性污垢如极性脂肪﹑灰尘﹑黏土等要大，更不容易去除和清洗。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(3) 污垢的去除机理</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">洗涤的目的在于去除污垢。在一定温度的介质中（主要以水为介质）。利用洗涤剂所产生的各种物理化学作用，减弱或消除污垢与被洗物品的作用，在一定的机械力作用下（如手搓﹑洗衣机的搅动﹑水的冲击），使污垢与被洗物品脱离，达到去污的目的。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; ①液体污垢的去除机理</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; A：润湿 &nbsp;液体污垢大多为油性污垢。油污能润湿大部分的纤维物品，在纤维材料的表面上或多或少扩散成一层油膜。洗涤作用的第一步，是洗涤液润湿表面。为说明方便，可将纤维的表面看成是平滑的固体表面。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; B：油污的脱离-卷缩机理 &nbsp;洗涤作用的第二步是油污的去除，液体污垢的去除是用一种卷缩的方式来实现的。液体污垢原来是以铺开的油膜形式存在于表面上，在洗涤液对固体表面（即纤维表面）优先润湿作用下，逐级卷缩成为油珠，被洗涤液替换下来，在一定外力作用下最终离开表面。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; ②固体污垢的去除机理</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 液体污垢的去除，主要是通过洗涤液对污垢载体的优先润湿，而对于固体污垢的去除机理则有所不同，在洗涤过程中，主要是洗涤液对污垢质点及其载体表面的润湿。由于表面活性剂在固体污垢及其载体表面的吸附，减小了污垢与表面之间的相互作用，降低了污垢质点在表面的黏附强度，因而污垢质点容易从载体表面上除去。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 不仅如此，表面活性剂，尤其是离子型表面活性剂，在固体污垢及其载体表面上的吸附有可能增加固体污垢及其载体表面的表面电势，更有利于污垢的去除。固体或一般纤维表面在水介质中通常带负电，因此，在污垢质点或固体表面上能形成扩散双电层。由于同性电荷相斥，因此，水中污垢质点在固体表面上的黏附强度会有所减弱。当加入阴离子表面活性剂时，由于阴离子表面活性剂能同时提高污垢质点及固体表面的负表面电势，使它们之间的排斥力更为增强，因而，质点的黏附强度更加降低，污垢更易于除去。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 非离子表面活性剂在一般带电的固体表面上都能产生吸附，尽管不能明显改变界面电势，但吸附的非离子表面活性剂往往在表面上形成一定厚度的吸附层，有助于防止污垢再沉积。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 对于阳离子表面活性剂，由于它们的吸附会使污垢质点及其载体表面的负表面电势降低或消除，这使得污垢与表面之间的排斥降低，因而不利于去除污垢；再者，阳离子表面活性剂在固体表面吸附以后，往往将固体表面变成疏水性，因而不利于表面的润湿，也就不利于洗涤。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; ③特殊污垢的去除</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 蛋白质﹑淀粉﹑人体分泌物﹑果汁﹑茶汁等这类污垢用一般的表面活性剂难以除去，需采用特殊的处理方法。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 像奶油﹑鸡蛋﹑血液﹑牛奶﹑皮肤排泄物等蛋白质污垢容易在纤维上凝结变性，黏附较为牢固。对于蛋白质污垢，可以利用蛋白酶将其除去。其中的蛋白酶能将污垢中的蛋白质分解成水溶性氨基酸或低聚肽。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 淀粉污垢主要来自于食品，其他的如肉汁﹑糨糊等，淀粉酶对淀粉类污垢的水解有催化作用，使淀粉分解成糖类。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 脂肪酶能催化分解一些用通常方法难以除去的三脂肪酸甘油酯类污垢，如人体分泌的皮脂﹑食用油脂等，使三脂肪酸甘油酯分解成可溶性的甘油和脂肪酸。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 一些来自果汁﹑茶汁﹑墨水﹑唇膏等有颜色的污渍，即使反复洗涤也常常难以彻底洗干净。此类污渍可以通过一些像漂白粉之类的氧化剂或还原剂进行氧化还原反应，破坏生色基团或助色基团的结构，使之降解成较小的水溶性成分而除去。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(4) 干洗的去污机理</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 以上所说实际上是针对以水为介质的洗涤作用。实际上，由于衣物的种类和结构不同，某些衣物采用水洗方式不方便或不容易洗干净，有的衣物水洗后甚至变形﹑褪色等，例如：大部分天然纤维吸水易于膨胀，而干燥后又容易缩水，因此经水洗后会变形；经水洗的羊毛制品也常出现缩水现象，一些毛纺制品用水洗后还容易起球﹑颜色走样；一些丝绸用水洗后手感变差﹑失去光泽等。对于这些衣物常常采用干洗的方法进行去污。所谓的干洗一般是指在有机溶剂特别是在非极性溶剂中的洗涤方式。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 相对于水洗，干洗是一种比较温和的洗涤方式。因为干洗并不需要太大的机械作用，对衣物不至于造成损伤﹑起皱和变形，同时干洗剂不像水那样，很少产生膨胀和收缩作用。只要技术处理得当，就可以使衣物干洗后达到不变形﹑不褪色和延长使用寿命等优良效果。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 从干洗角度来说，各种污垢大致有以下三种。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">①油溶性污垢 &nbsp;油溶性污垢包括各种油和油脂，是液体或油腻状，可溶于干洗溶剂。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">②水溶性污垢 &nbsp;水溶性污垢可溶于水溶液，但不溶于干洗剂，是以水溶液状态吸附在衣物上，水挥发后析出颗粒状固体，如无机盐﹑淀粉﹑蛋白质等。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">③油水不溶性污垢 &nbsp;油水不溶性污垢既不溶于水，也不溶于干洗溶剂，如炭黑﹑各种金属的硅酸盐和氧化物等。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">由于各种污垢的性质不同，因而在干洗过程中对于污垢的去除存在不同的作用方式。油溶性污垢，如动植油﹑矿物油和油脂等，易溶于有机溶剂，在干洗中较容易除去。干洗溶剂对油和油脂极好的溶解能力实质上来自分子间的范德华作用力。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">对于水溶性污垢如无机盐﹑糖类﹑蛋白质﹑汗等的去除，还必须在干洗剂中加入适量的水，否则水溶性污垢难以从衣物中去除。但水较难溶于干洗剂中，因此为增加水的量，还需加入表面活性剂。干洗剂中存在的水能使污垢及衣物的表面水化，从而容易与表面活性剂的极性基团发生相互作用，有利于表面活性剂在表面的吸附。此外，在表面活性剂形成胶束时，水溶性污垢及水能被增溶进胶束中。表面活性剂除能增加干洗溶剂中水的含量外，还能起到防止污垢再沉积的作用，以增强去污效果。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">少量水的存在对去除水溶性污垢是必要的，但过量的水会导致一些衣物变形﹑起皱等，故干洗剂中水的含量必须适度。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">既非水溶性也非油溶性的污垢如灰﹑泥﹑土和炭黑等固体颗粒一般以静电力吸附或与油污结合附着在衣物上。在干洗中，溶剂的流动﹑冲击能使以静电力吸附的污垢脱落下来，而干洗剂能溶解油污，使与油污相结合并附着在衣物上的固体颗粒脱落于干洗剂中，干洗剂中的少量水和表面活性剂，则使那些脱落下来的固体污垢粒子能稳定地悬浮﹑分散，防止其再沉积到衣物上。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-13 16:19:28</pubDate></item><item id="26"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂与洗涤的9大基础知识]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/26.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/161326881.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[01表面张力把液体表面任意单位长度的收缩力称为表面张力，单位为N•m-1。02表面活性和表面活性剂将降低溶剂表面张力的性质称为表]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/161210391.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p><section><section><section><p><span style="font-size: 20px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0);">01表面张力</span></p></section></section></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">把液体表面任意单位长度的收缩力称为表面张力，单位为N•m-1。</span><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 20px;">02表面活性和表面活性剂</span><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">将降低溶剂表面张力的性质称为表面活性，而具有表面活性的物质称为</span><span class="" style="font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">表面活性物质</span><span style="font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">。</span><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">把能在水溶液中分子发生缔合且形成胶束等缔合体，并具有较高的表面活性，同时还具有润湿﹑乳化﹑起泡﹑洗涤等作用的表面活性物质称为表面活性剂。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 20px;">03表面活性剂的分子结构特点</span><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 23.2727px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 25.6px;">表面活性剂是一种具有特殊结构和性质的有机化合物，它们能明显地改变两相间的界面张力或液体（一般为水）的表面张力，具有润湿﹑起泡﹑乳化﹑洗涤等性能。</span><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">就结构而言，表面活性剂都有一个共同的特点，即其分子中含有两种不同性质的基团，一端是长链非极性基团，能溶于油而不溶于水，亦即所谓的疏水基团或<span class="">憎水基</span>，这种憎水基一般都是长链的碳氢化合物，有时也为有机氟﹑有机硅﹑有机磷﹑有机锡链等。另一端则是水溶性的基团，即<span class="">亲水基</span>团或亲水基。亲水基团必须有足够的亲水性，以保证整个表面活性剂能溶于水，并有必要的溶解度。由于表面活性剂含有亲水基和疏水基，因而它们至少能溶于液相中的某一相。表面活性剂的这种既亲水又亲油的性质称为两亲性。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p><section><section><section><p><span style="color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 20px;">04表面活性剂的类型</span></p></section></section></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">表面活性剂是一种既有疏水基团又有亲水基团的两亲性分子。表面活性剂的疏水基团一般是由长链的碳氢构成，如直链烷基C8～C20，支链烷基C8～C20，烷基苯基（烷基碳原子数为8～16）等。疏水基团的差别主要是在碳氢链的结构变化上，差别较小，而亲水基团的种类则较多，所以表面活性剂的性质除与疏水基团的大小﹑形状有关外，主要还与亲水基团有关。亲水基团的结构变化较疏水基团大，因而表面活性剂的分类一般以亲水基团的结构为依据。这种分类是以亲水基团是否是离子型为主，将其分为阴离子型﹑阳离子型﹑非离子型﹑两性离子型和其他特殊类型的表面活性剂。</span><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p><section><section><section><p><span style="font-size: 20px;">05表面活性剂水溶液的特性</span></p></section></section></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: bolder;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">① 表面活性剂在界面上的吸附</span></span><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">表面活性剂分子中具有亲油基和亲水基，为<span class="">两亲分子</span>。水是强极性液体，当表面活性剂溶于水中时，根据极性相似相引﹑极性相异相斥原理，其亲水基与水相引而溶于水，其亲油基与水相斥而离开水，结果表面活性剂分子（或离子）吸附在两相界面上，使两相间的界面张力降低。表面活性剂分子（或离子）在界面上吸附越多，界面张力降低越大。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">② 吸附膜的一些性质</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">吸附膜的表面压力：表面活性剂在气液界面吸附形成吸附膜，如在界面上放置一无摩擦可移动浮片，以浮片沿溶液面推动吸附质膜，膜对浮片产生一压力，此压力称为表面压力。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">表面黏度：与表面压力一样，表面黏度是由不溶性分子膜表现出的一种性质。以细金属丝悬吊一白金环，令其平面接触水槽的水表面，旋转白金环，白金环受水的黏度阻碍，振幅逐渐衰减，据此可测定表面黏度，方法是：先在纯水表面进行实验，测出振幅衰减，然后测定形成表面膜后的衰减，从两者的差值求出表面膜的黏度。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">表面黏度与表面膜的牢固度密切有关，由于吸附膜有表面压力和黏度，它必定具有弹性。吸附膜的表面压力越大，黏度越高，其弹性模量就越大。表面吸附膜的弹性模量在稳泡过程中有重要意义。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">③ 胶束的形成</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">表面活性剂的稀溶液服从理想溶液所遵循的规律。表面活性剂在溶液表面的吸附量随溶液浓度增高而增多，当浓度达到或超过某值后，吸附量不再增加，这些过多的表面活性剂分子在溶液内是杂乱无章的，抑或以某种有规律的方式存在。实践和理论均表明，它们在溶液内形成缔合体，这种缔合体称为胶束。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="">临界胶束浓度</span>：表面活性剂在溶液中形成胶束的最低浓度称为临界胶束浓度。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">④常见表面活性剂的cmc值。</span></span></span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p><section><section><section><p><span style="color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 20px;">06亲水亲油平衡值</span></p></section></section></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);">HLB是hydrophile lipophile balance的缩写，表示了表面活性剂的亲水基团和亲油基团具有的亲水亲油平衡值，即表面活性剂HLB值。HLB值大，表示分子的亲水性强，亲油性弱；反之亲油性强，亲水性弱。</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">① HLB值的规定</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">HLB值是个相对值，故在制定HLB值时，作为标准，规定无亲水性能的石蜡的HLB值为0，而水溶性较强的十二烷基硫酸钠的HLB值为40。因此表面活性剂的HLB值一般在1～40范围以内。通常来说，HLB值小于10的乳化剂为亲油性的，而大于10的乳化剂则是亲水性的。因此，由亲油性到亲水性的转折点约为10。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 根据表面活性剂的HLB值，可大致了解其可能的用途，如表1-3所示。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">表1-3 &nbsp;HLB范围及其应用性能</span></p><table width="620"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="110" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">HLB值</span></p></td><td width="175" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-left-style: none;border-top-color: windowtext;border-right-color: windowtext;border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">用途</span></p></td><td width="106" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-left-style: none;border-top-color: windowtext;border-right-color: windowtext;border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">HLB值</span></p></td><td width="139" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-left-style: none;border-top-color: windowtext;border-right-color: windowtext;border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">用途</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="110" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-top-style: none;border-right-color: windowtext;border-bottom-color: windowtext;border-left-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.5～3</span></p></td><td width="175" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-top-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-color: windowtext;border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">W/O型消泡剂</span></p></td><td width="106" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-top-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-color: windowtext;border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">8～18</span></p></td><td width="139" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-top-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-color: windowtext;border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">O/W型乳化剂</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="110" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-top-style: none;border-right-color: windowtext;border-bottom-color: windowtext;border-left-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">3.5～6</span></p></td><td width="175" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-top-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-color: windowtext;border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">W/O型乳化剂</span></p></td><td width="106" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-top-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-color: windowtext;border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">13～15</span></p></td><td width="139" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-top-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-color: windowtext;border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">洗涤剂</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="110" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-top-style: none;border-right-color: windowtext;border-bottom-color: windowtext;border-left-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">7～9</span></p></td><td width="175" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-top-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-color: windowtext;border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">润湿剂</span></p></td><td width="106" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-top-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-color: windowtext;border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">15～18</span></p></td><td width="139" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px;word-break: break-all;border-top-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-color: windowtext;border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">增溶剂</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 由上表可知，适合于作油包水型乳化剂的表面活性剂的HLB值为3.5～6，而水包油型乳化剂的HLB值为8～18。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">② HLB值的确定（略）。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p><section><section><section><p>07乳化作用和增溶作用</p></section></section></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 25.6px;">两种互不溶的液体，一种以微粒（液滴或液晶）分散于另一种中形成的体系称为乳状液。形成乳状液时由于两液体的界面积增大，所以这种体系在热力学上是不稳定的，为使乳状液稳定需要加入第三组分—乳化剂以降低体系的界面能。乳化剂属于表面活性剂，其主要功能是起乳作用。乳状液中以液滴存在的那一相称为分散相（或内相﹑不连续相），连成一片的另一相叫做分散介质（或外相﹑连续相）。</span><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 23.2727px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 25.6px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;">①乳化剂和乳状液</span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">常见的乳状液，一相是水或水溶液，另一相是与水不相混溶的有机物，如油脂﹑蜡等。水和油形成的乳状液，根据其分散情形可分为两种：油分散在水中形成水包油型乳状液，以O/W（油/水）表示：水分散油中形成油包水型乳状液，以W/O（水/油）表示。此外还可能形成复杂的水包油包水W/O/W型和油包水包油O/W/O型的多元乳状液。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">乳化剂是通过降低界面张力和形成单分子界面膜使乳状液稳定的。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">在乳化作用中对乳化剂的要求：a：乳化剂必须能吸附或富集在两相的界面上，使界面张力降低；b：乳化剂必须赋予粒子以电荷，使粒子间产生静电排斥，或在粒子周围形成一层稳定的﹑黏度特别高的保护膜。所以，用作乳化剂的物质必须具有两亲基团才能起乳化作用，表面活性剂能满足这种要求。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;">②乳化液的制备方法和影响乳状液稳定性的因素</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">制备乳状液的方法有两种：一种是采用机械法使液体以微小的粒子分散于另一种液体中，工业上多采用这种方法制备乳状液；另一种是将液体以分子状态溶于另一液体中，然后使其适当地聚集而形成乳状液。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">乳状液的稳定性是指反抗粒子聚集而导致相分离的能力。乳状液在热力学上是不稳定的体系，有较大的自由能。因此所谓乳状液的稳定性实际上是指体系达到平衡状态所需要的时间，即体系中一种液体发生分离所需要的时间。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">当界面膜中有脂肪醇﹑脂肪酸和脂肪胺等极性有机物分子时，膜强度显著增高。这是因为，在界面吸附层中乳化剂分子与醇﹑酸和胺等极性分子发生作用形成“复合物”，使界面膜强度增高的缘故。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">由两种以上表面活性剂组成的乳化剂称为混合乳化剂。混合乳化剂吸附在水/油界面上，分子间发生作用可形成络合物。由于分子间强烈作用，界面张力显著降低，乳化剂在界面上吸附量显著增多，形成的界面膜密度增大，强度增高。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">液珠的电荷对乳状液的稳定性有明显的影响。稳定的乳状液，其液珠一般都带有电荷。当使用离子型乳化剂时，吸附在界面上的乳化剂离子其亲油基插入油相，亲水基处于水相，从而使液珠带电。由于乳状液的液珠带同种电荷，它们之间相互排斥，不易聚结，使稳定性增高。可见，液珠上吸附的乳化剂离子越多，其带电量越大，防止液珠聚结能力也越大，乳状液体系就越稳定。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">乳状液分散介质的黏度对乳状液的稳定性有一定影响。一般，分散介质的黏度越大，乳状液的稳定性越高。这是因为分散介质的黏度大，对液珠的布朗运动阻碍作用强，减缓了液珠之间碰撞，使体系保持稳定。通常能溶于乳状液的高分子物质均能增高体系的黏度，使乳状液的稳定性增高。此外高分子还能形成坚固的界面膜，使乳状液体系更加稳定。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">在某些情况下加入固体粉未也能使乳状液趋于稳定。固体粉未处于水﹑油中或界面上，取决于油﹑水对固体粉未的润湿能力，若固体粉未完全为水润湿，又能被油润湿，才会滞留于水油界面上。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;固体粉未使乳状液稳定的原因在于，聚集于界面的粉未增强了界面膜，这与界面吸附乳化剂分子相似，故固体粉未料子在界面上排列得越紧密，乳状液越稳定。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">表面活性剂在水溶液中形成胶束后具有能使不溶或微溶于水的有机物的溶解度显著增大的能力，且此时溶液呈透明状，胶束的这种作用称为增溶。能产生增溶作用的表面活性剂叫做增溶剂，被增溶的有机物称为被增溶物。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p><section><section><section><p><span style="color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 20px;">08泡沫</span></p></section></section></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 25.6px;">泡沫在洗涤过程中起着重要的作用。泡沫是指气体分散在液体或固体中的分散体系，气体为分散相，液体或固体为分散介质，前者称为液体泡沫，而后者称为固体泡沫，如泡沫塑料，泡沫玻璃，泡沫水泥等。</span><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(1) 泡沫的形成</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">我们这里所说的泡沫，是指被液体薄膜隔开的气泡的聚集物。这种泡沫由于分散相（气体）和分散介质（液体）的密度相差较大，加之液体的黏度低，因此气泡总是能很快地升到液面。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">形成泡沫的过程是将大量气体带入液体，液体中的气泡又很快返回到液面，形成由少量液气隔开的气泡聚集体。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">泡沫在形态上具有两个显著的特点：其一是作为分散相的气泡常常是呈多面体形状，这是因为在气泡的相交处，有一种液膜变薄的趋势使气泡成为多面体，当液膜变薄到一定程度，则导致气泡破裂；其二是，纯净液不能形成稳定的泡沫，能形成泡沫的液体，至少是两个以上的组分。表面活性剂的水溶液是典型的易产生泡沫的体系，其生成泡沫的能力与其他性能也有一定的关系。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">起泡力好的表面活性剂称为起泡剂。起泡剂尽管具有良好的泡沫能力，但形成的泡沫不一定能维持较长的时间，即其稳定性不一定良好。为了保持泡沫的稳定，常在起泡剂中加入能增加泡沫稳定性的物质，这种物质称为稳泡剂，常用的稳泡剂有月桂酰二乙醇胺和十二烷基二甲基胺的氧化物。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(2) 泡沫的稳定性</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">泡沫是一种热力学不稳定体系，最后的趋势是破泡之后体系内液体的总表面积减小，自由能降低。消泡过程就是隔开气体的液膜由厚变薄，直至破裂的过程。因此，泡沫的稳定程度主要是由排液快慢和液膜的强度决定的。其影响因素还有以下几种。</span></p><p><section><blockquote style="margin-top: 1em;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 15px 25px;border-left-width: 10px;border-left-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);font-size: 15px;top: 0px;line-height: 24px;vertical-align: ba<i></i>seline;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">①表面张力</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">从能量观点考虑，低表面张力对于泡沫的形成比较有利，但不能保证泡沫稳定。表面张力低，压差小，排液速度变慢，液膜变薄较慢，有利于泡沫的稳定。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">②表面黏度</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">决定泡沫稳定性的关键因素在于液膜强度，而液膜强度主要决定于表面吸附膜的坚固性，以表面黏度为其量度。实验证明，表面黏度较大的溶液所生成的泡沫寿命较长。这是因为表面吸附分子间的相互作用导致膜强度增大，从而提高泡沫的寿命。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">③溶液黏度</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">当液体本身的黏度增大时，液膜中的液体不易排出，液膜厚度变薄的速度较慢，延缓了液膜破裂的时间，增加了泡沫的稳定性。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">④表面张力的“修复”作用</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">表面活性剂吸附于表面的液膜，有反抗液膜表面扩张或收缩的能力，我们将这一能力称为修复作用。这是因为有表面活性剂在表面上吸附的液膜，扩张其表面积将降低表面吸附分子的浓度，增大表面张力。进一步扩大表面将需要做更大的功。反之表面积收缩将增加表面吸附分子的浓度，即减小表面张力，不利于进一步的收缩。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">⑤气体通过液膜的扩散</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">由于毛细压力的存在，泡沫中小泡的压力要比大泡压力高，会造成小泡中的气体透过液膜扩散到低压的大泡中，造成小泡变小，大泡变大，最终泡沫破裂的现象。如果加入表面活性剂，发泡时则可使泡沫均匀细密，不易消泡。由于表面活性剂紧密排列在液膜上，透气困难，而使泡沫更加稳定。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">⑥表面电荷的影响</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">如果泡沫液膜带有相同符号的电荷，液膜两个表面将互相排斥，防止了液膜变薄乃至破坏。离子型表面活性剂可起这种稳定作用。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">综上所述，液膜强度是决定泡沫稳定性的关键因素。作为起泡剂和稳泡剂的表面活性剂，其表面吸附分子排列的紧密性和牢固性是最重要的因素。表面吸附分子相互作用强时，吸附分子排列结构紧密，这不仅使表面膜本身具有较高的强度，而且因表面黏度较高使邻近表面膜的溶液不易流动，液膜排液相对困难，液膜的厚度易于维持。此外，排列紧密的表面分子还能减低气体分子的透过性从而也可增加泡沫的稳定性。</span></p></blockquote></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(3) 泡沫的破坏</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">破坏泡沫的基本原则就是改变产生泡沫的条件或消除泡沫的稳定因素，因而有物理和化学两种消泡方法。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">物理消泡就是在维持泡沫溶液的化学成分不变的情况下改变泡沫产生的条件，如外力的扰动﹑温度或压力的改变以及超声处理等都是消除泡沫的有效物理方法。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">化学消泡法是加入某些物质与起泡剂发生作用，降低泡沫中液膜的强度进而降低泡沫的稳定性以达到消泡的目的，这样的物质称为消泡剂。消泡剂大多数为表面活性剂。因此根据消泡的作用机理，消泡剂应当具有较强的降低表面张力的能力，容易吸附在表面上，且表面吸附分子间的相互作用较弱，吸附分子排列结构较为疏松。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">消泡剂的种类多种多样，但基本上都为非离子表面活性剂。非离子表面活性剂在其浊点附近或浊点以上时具有防泡性能，常用作消泡剂。醇类，特别是有分支结构的醇﹑脂肪酸及脂肪酸酯﹑多酰胺﹑磷酸酯﹑硅油等也是常用的优良消泡剂。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(4) 泡沫与洗涤</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">泡沫与洗涤作用并没有直接的联系，泡沫量的多少并不表示洗涤效果的好坏。例如非离子表面活性剂的起泡性能远不如肥皂，但其去污力却比肥皂优异得多。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">在某些情况下，泡沫在去除污垢方面还是有帮助的。例如：家庭洗涤餐具时，洗涤液的泡沫可以将洗下来的油滴带走；擦洗地毯时，泡沫有助于带走尘土﹑粉未等固体污垢。另外，泡沫有时可以作为洗涤液是否有效的一个标志，因为脂肪性油污对洗涤液的泡沫有抑制作用，当油污过多﹑洗涤剂量少时，就不会有泡沫生成，或使原来的泡沫消失。泡沫有时还可以作为漂洗是否干净的指示剂，因为漂洗液中泡沫量往往随洗涤剂含量的减少而减少，因此可以泡沫量的多少来评价漂洗的程度。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p><section><section><section><p><span style="color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 20px;">09洗涤过程</span></p></section></section></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 25.6px;">从广义上讲，洗涤是从被洗涤对象中除去不需要的成分并达到某种目的的过程。通常意义的洗涤是指从载体表面去除污垢的过程。在洗涤时，通过一些化学物质（如洗涤剂等）的作用以减弱或消除污垢与载体之间的相互作用，使污垢与载体的结合转变为污垢与洗涤剂的结合，最终使污垢与载体脱离，因被洗涤对象和要清除的污垢是多种多样的，因此洗涤是一个十分复杂的过程，洗涤作用的基本过程可用如下简单关系表示</span><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;">&nbsp;载体••污垢+洗涤剂=载体+污垢•洗涤剂</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">洗涤过程通常可分为两个阶段：一是在洗涤剂的作用下，污垢与其载体分离；二是脱离的污垢被分散﹑悬浮于介质中。洗涤过程是一个可逆过程，分散﹑悬浮于介质中的污垢也有可能从介质中重新沉淀到被洗物上。因此，一种优良的洗涤剂除了具有使污垢脱离载体的能力外，还应有较好的分散和悬浮污垢﹑防止污垢再沉积的能力。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(1) 污垢的种类</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">即使是同一种物品，如果使用环境不同，则污垢的种类﹑成分和数量也会不同。油体污垢主要是一些动﹑植物油及矿物油（如原油﹑燃料油﹑煤焦油等），固体污垢主要是烟尘﹑灰土﹑铁锈﹑炭黑等。就衣服的污垢而言，有来自人体的污垢，如汗﹑皮脂﹑血等；来自食品的污垢，如水果渍﹑食用油渍﹑调味品渍﹑淀粉等；有化妆品带来的污垢，如唇膏﹑指甲油等；从大气中来的污垢，如烟尘﹑灰尘﹑泥土等；其他如墨水﹑茶水﹑涂料等。可以说形形色色，种类繁多。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">各种各样的污垢通常可分为固体污垢﹑液体污垢和特殊污垢三大类。</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">①固体污垢 &nbsp;常见的固体污垢有灰﹑泥﹑土﹑铁锈和炭黑等颗粒。这些颗粒表面大多带有电荷，多数带负电，容易吸附在纤维物品上。一般固体污垢较难溶于水，但可被洗涤剂溶液分散﹑悬浮。质点较小的固体污垢，除去较为困难。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">②液体污垢 &nbsp;液体污垢大都是油溶性的，包括动植油﹑脂肪酸﹑脂肪醇﹑矿物油及其氧化物等。其中动植物油﹑脂肪酸类能与碱发生皂化作用，而脂肪醇 ﹑矿物油则不为碱所皂化，但能溶于醇﹑醚和烃类有机溶剂，并被洗涤剂水溶液乳化和分散。油溶性液体污垢一般与纤维物品具有较强的作用力，在纤维上吸附较为牢固。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">③特殊污垢 &nbsp;特殊污垢有蛋白质﹑淀粉﹑血﹑人体分泌物如汗﹑皮脂﹑尿以及果汁﹑茶汁等。这类污垢大多能通过化学作用而较强地吸附在纤维物品上。故洗涤起来比较困难。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">各种污垢很少单独存在，往往是混在一起，共同吸附在物品上。污垢有时在外界的影响下还会氧化﹑分解或腐败，从而产生新的污垢。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(2) 污垢的黏附作用</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">衣服﹑手等之所以能沾上污垢，是因为物体与污垢之间存在着某种相互作用。污垢在物体上的黏附作用多种多样，但不外乎物理性黏附和化学黏附两种。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">①烟灰﹑尘土﹑泥沙﹑炭黑等在衣物上的黏附属物理黏附。一般来说，通过这种黏附的污垢，与被沾污的物体之间的作用相对较弱，污垢的去除也比较容易。依作用力的不同，污垢的物理黏附又可分为机械力黏附和静电力黏附。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">A：机械力黏附 这一类黏附主要指的是一些固体污垢（如尘土﹑泥沙）的黏附作用。机械力黏附是污垢比较弱的一种黏附方式，几乎可以用单纯的机械方法将污垢去除掉，但当污垢的质点比较小时（﹤0.1um），去除起来比较困难。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">B：静电力黏附 &nbsp;静电力黏附主要表现在带电的污垢粒子在异性电荷物体上的作用。大多数纤维性物品在水中带负电，很容易被某些带正电荷的污垢，如石灰类所黏附。有些污垢尽管带负电荷，如水溶液中的炭黑粒子，但可以通过水中的正离子（如Ca2+﹑Mg2+等）所形成的离子桥（离子在多个异性电荷之间，与它们共同作用，起类似桥梁的作用）附着在纤维上。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">静电作用比简单的机械作用要强，因而污垢去除相对困难些。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">②化学黏附</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">化学黏附是指污垢通过化学键或氢键作用到物体上的现象。如极性固体污垢﹑蛋白质﹑铁锈等在纤维物品上的黏附，纤维中含有羧基﹑羟基﹑酰胺等基团，这些基团和油性污垢的脂肪酸﹑脂肪醇容易形成氢键。化学作用力一般比较强，因而污垢在物体上结合得较为牢固。这类污垢用通常的方法很难去除，需采用特殊的方法来处理。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">污垢黏附的牢固程度与污垢本身的性质和被黏附物的性质有关。一般颗粒容易在纤维性物品上黏附。固体污垢质点越小，则黏附得越牢固。亲水性物体如棉花﹑玻璃等表面上的极性污垢要比非极性污垢黏附得更牢固。而非极性污垢的黏附强度比极性污垢如极性脂肪﹑灰尘﹑黏土等要大，更不容易去除和清洗。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(3) 污垢的去除机理</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">洗涤的目的在于去除污垢。在一定温度的介质中（主要以水为介质）。利用洗涤剂所产生的各种物理化学作用，减弱或消除污垢与被洗物品的作用，在一定的机械力作用下（如手搓﹑洗衣机的搅动﹑水的冲击），使污垢与被洗物品脱离，达到去污的目的。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; ①液体污垢的去除机理</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; A：润湿 &nbsp;液体污垢大多为油性污垢。油污能润湿大部分的纤维物品，在纤维材料的表面上或多或少扩散成一层油膜。洗涤作用的第一步，是洗涤液润湿表面。为说明方便，可将纤维的表面看成是平滑的固体表面。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; B：油污的脱离-卷缩机理 &nbsp;洗涤作用的第二步是油污的去除，液体污垢的去除是用一种卷缩的方式来实现的。液体污垢原来是以铺开的油膜形式存在于表面上，在洗涤液对固体表面（即纤维表面）优先润湿作用下，逐级卷缩成为油珠，被洗涤液替换下来，在一定外力作用下最终离开表面。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; ②固体污垢的去除机理</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 液体污垢的去除，主要是通过洗涤液对污垢载体的优先润湿，而对于固体污垢的去除机理则有所不同，在洗涤过程中，主要是洗涤液对污垢质点及其载体表面的润湿。由于表面活性剂在固体污垢及其载体表面的吸附，减小了污垢与表面之间的相互作用，降低了污垢质点在表面的黏附强度，因而污垢质点容易从载体表面上除去。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 不仅如此，表面活性剂，尤其是离子型表面活性剂，在固体污垢及其载体表面上的吸附有可能增加固体污垢及其载体表面的表面电势，更有利于污垢的去除。固体或一般纤维表面在水介质中通常带负电，因此，在污垢质点或固体表面上能形成扩散双电层。由于同性电荷相斥，因此，水中污垢质点在固体表面上的黏附强度会有所减弱。当加入阴离子表面活性剂时，由于阴离子表面活性剂能同时提高污垢质点及固体表面的负表面电势，使它们之间的排斥力更为增强，因而，质点的黏附强度更加降低，污垢更易于除去。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 非离子表面活性剂在一般带电的固体表面上都能产生吸附，尽管不能明显改变界面电势，但吸附的非离子表面活性剂往往在表面上形成一定厚度的吸附层，有助于防止污垢再沉积。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 对于阳离子表面活性剂，由于它们的吸附会使污垢质点及其载体表面的负表面电势降低或消除，这使得污垢与表面之间的排斥降低，因而不利于去除污垢；再者，阳离子表面活性剂在固体表面吸附以后，往往将固体表面变成疏水性，因而不利于表面的润湿，也就不利于洗涤。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; ③特殊污垢的去除</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 蛋白质﹑淀粉﹑人体分泌物﹑果汁﹑茶汁等这类污垢用一般的表面活性剂难以除去，需采用特殊的处理方法。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 像奶油﹑鸡蛋﹑血液﹑牛奶﹑皮肤排泄物等蛋白质污垢容易在纤维上凝结变性，黏附较为牢固。对于蛋白质污垢，可以利用蛋白酶将其除去。其中的蛋白酶能将污垢中的蛋白质分解成水溶性氨基酸或低聚肽。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 淀粉污垢主要来自于食品，其他的如肉汁﹑糨糊等，淀粉酶对淀粉类污垢的水解有催化作用，使淀粉分解成糖类。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 脂肪酶能催化分解一些用通常方法难以除去的三脂肪酸甘油酯类污垢，如人体分泌的皮脂﹑食用油脂等，使三脂肪酸甘油酯分解成可溶性的甘油和脂肪酸。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 一些来自果汁﹑茶汁﹑墨水﹑唇膏等有颜色的污渍，即使反复洗涤也常常难以彻底洗干净。此类污渍可以通过一些像漂白粉之类的氧化剂或还原剂进行氧化还原反应，破坏生色基团或助色基团的结构，使之降解成较小的水溶性成分而除去。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(4) 干洗的去污机理</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 以上所说实际上是针对以水为介质的洗涤作用。实际上，由于衣物的种类和结构不同，某些衣物采用水洗方式不方便或不容易洗干净，有的衣物水洗后甚至变形﹑褪色等，例如：大部分天然纤维吸水易于膨胀，而干燥后又容易缩水，因此经水洗后会变形；经水洗的羊毛制品也常出现缩水现象，一些毛纺制品用水洗后还容易起球﹑颜色走样；一些丝绸用水洗后手感变差﹑失去光泽等。对于这些衣物常常采用干洗的方法进行去污。所谓的干洗一般是指在有机溶剂特别是在非极性溶剂中的洗涤方式。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 相对于水洗，干洗是一种比较温和的洗涤方式。因为干洗并不需要太大的机械作用，对衣物不至于造成损伤﹑起皱和变形，同时干洗剂不像水那样，很少产生膨胀和收缩作用。只要技术处理得当，就可以使衣物干洗后达到不变形﹑不褪色和延长使用寿命等优良效果。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; 从干洗角度来说，各种污垢大致有以下三种。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">①油溶性污垢 &nbsp;油溶性污垢包括各种油和油脂，是液体或油腻状，可溶于干洗溶剂。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">②水溶性污垢 &nbsp;水溶性污垢可溶于水溶液，但不溶于干洗剂，是以水溶液状态吸附在衣物上，水挥发后析出颗粒状固体，如无机盐﹑淀粉﹑蛋白质等。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">③油水不溶性污垢 &nbsp;油水不溶性污垢既不溶于水，也不溶于干洗溶剂，如炭黑﹑各种金属的硅酸盐和氧化物等。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">由于各种污垢的性质不同，因而在干洗过程中对于污垢的去除存在不同的作用方式。油溶性污垢，如动植油﹑矿物油和油脂等，易溶于有机溶剂，在干洗中较容易除去。干洗溶剂对油和油脂极好的溶解能力实质上来自分子间的范德华作用力。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">对于水溶性污垢如无机盐﹑糖类﹑蛋白质﹑汗等的去除，还必须在干洗剂中加入适量的水，否则水溶性污垢难以从衣物中去除。但水较难溶于干洗剂中，因此为增加水的量，还需加入表面活性剂。干洗剂中存在的水能使污垢及衣物的表面水化，从而容易与表面活性剂的极性基团发生相互作用，有利于表面活性剂在表面的吸附。此外，在表面活性剂形成胶束时，水溶性污垢及水能被增溶进胶束中。表面活性剂除能增加干洗溶剂中水的含量外，还能起到防止污垢再沉积的作用，以增强去污效果。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">少量水的存在对去除水溶性污垢是必要的，但过量的水会导致一些衣物变形﹑起皱等，故干洗剂中水的含量必须适度。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">既非水溶性也非油溶性的污垢如灰﹑泥﹑土和炭黑等固体颗粒一般以静电力吸附或与油污结合附着在衣物上。在干洗中，溶剂的流动﹑冲击能使以静电力吸附的污垢脱落下来，而干洗剂能溶解油污，使与油污相结合并附着在衣物上的固体颗粒脱落于干洗剂中，干洗剂中的少量水和表面活性剂，则使那些脱落下来的固体污垢粒子能稳定地悬浮﹑分散，防止其再沉积到衣物上。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(5) 影响洗涤作用的因素</span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">表面活性剂在界面上的定向吸附以及表面（界面）张力的降低是液体或固体污垢去除的主要因素。但洗涤过程较为复杂，即使同一类洗涤剂的洗涤效果还受到其他许多因素的影响。这些因素包括洗涤剂的浓度﹑温度﹑污垢的性质﹑纤维的种类﹑织物的组织结构等。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">①表面活性剂的浓度</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">溶液中表面活性剂的胶束在洗涤过程中起到重要作用。当浓度达到临界胶束浓度(cmc)时，洗涤效果急剧增加。因此溶剂中洗涤剂的浓度应高于cmc值，才有良好的洗涤效果。但是当表面活性剂的浓度高于cmc值后，洗涤效果递增就不明显了，过多的增加表面活性剂的浓度是没有必要的。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">借助增溶作用去除油污时，即使浓度在cmc值以上，增溶作用仍随表面活性剂浓度的提高而增加。这时就宜在局部集中使用洗涤剂，例如在衣服的袖口和衣领处污垢较多，洗涤时可先涂沫一层洗涤剂，以提高表面活性剂对油污的增溶效果。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">②温度对去污作用有很重要的影响。总的来说，提高温度有利于污垢的去除，但有时温度过高也会引起不利因素。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">温度提高有利于污垢的扩散，固体油垢在温度高于其熔点时易被乳化，纤维也因温度提高而增加膨化程度，这些因素都有利于污垢的去除。但是对于紧密织物，纤维膨化后纤维之间的微隙减小了，这对污垢的去除是不利的。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">温度变化还影响到表面活性剂的溶解度﹑cmc值﹑胶束量大小等，从而影响洗涤效果。长碳链的表面活性剂温度低时溶解度较小，有时溶解度甚至低于cmc值，此时就应适当提高洗涤温度。温度对cmc值及胶束量大小的影响，对于离子型和非离子型表面活性剂是不同的，对离子型表面活性剂，温度升高一般能使cmc值上升而胶束量减小，这就意味着在洗涤溶液中要提高表面活性剂的浓度。对于非离子型表面活性剂，温度升高，导致其cmc值减小，而胶束量显著增加，可见适当提高温度，有助于非离子型表面活性剂发挥其表面活性作用。但温度不宜超过其浊点。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">总之，最适宜的洗涤温度与洗涤剂的配方及被洗涤的对象有关。有些洗涤剂在室温下就有良好的洗涤效果，而有些洗涤剂冷洗和热洗的去污效果相差很多。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">③泡沫</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">人们习惯上往往把发泡能力与洗涤效果混为一谈，认为发泡力强的洗涤剂洗涤效果好。研究结果表明，洗涤效果与泡沫的多少并没有直接关系。例如，用低泡洗涤剂进行洗涤，其洗涤效果并不比高泡洗涤剂差。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">泡沫虽与洗涤没有直接关系，但在某些场合下，泡沫还是有助于去除污垢的，例如，手洗餐具时洗涤液的泡沫可以将洗下来的油滴携带走。擦洗地毯时，泡沫也可以带走尘土等固体污垢粒子，地毯污垢中尘土占很大比例，因此地毯清洗剂应具有一定的发泡能力。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">发泡力对于洗发香波也是重要的，洗发或沐浴时液体产生的细密泡沫使人感到润滑舒适。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">④纤维的品种和纺织品的物理特性</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">除了纤维的化学结构影响污垢的黏附和去除外，纤维的外观形态以及纱线和织物的组织结构对污垢去除的难易均有影响。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">羊毛纤维的鳞片和棉纤维弯曲的扁平带状结构比光滑的纤维更易积累污垢。例如，沾在纤维素膜（黏胶薄膜）上的炭黑容易去除，而沾在棉织物上的炭黑就难以洗脱。又如聚酯的短纤维织物比长纤维织物容易积聚油污，短纤维织物上的油污也比长纤维织物上的油污难以去除。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">紧捻的纱线和紧密织物，由于纤维之间的微隙较小，能抗拒污垢的侵入，但同样也能阻止洗涤液把内部污垢排除出去，故紧密织物开始时抗污性好，但一经沾污洗涤也比较困难。</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">⑤水的硬度</span></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 25.6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">水中Ca2+﹑Mg2+等金属离子的浓度对洗涤效果的影响很大，特别是阴离子表面活性剂遇到 Ca2+﹑Mg2+离子形成的钙﹑镁盐溶解性均较差，会降低它的去污能力。在硬水中即使表面活性剂的浓度较高，其去污效果仍比在蒸馏中差得多。要使表面活性剂发挥最佳洗涤效果，水中 Ca2+离子浓度要降到1×10-6mol/L(CaCO3要降到0.1mg/L)以下。这就需要在洗涤剂中加入各种软水剂。</span></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-13 16:09:25</pubDate></item><item id="23"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂在苹果、梨、桃、李等水果加工水果加工中的应用]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/23.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/160546241.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[摘要：介绍了表面活性剂在苹果、梨、桃、李等水果加工成罐头和果脯时作为去皮剂的应用。1 概述水果在加工时，首先要去皮。去皮的]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/160402111.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">摘要：介绍了表面活性剂在苹果、梨、桃、李等水果加工成罐头和果脯时作为去皮剂的应用。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>1 概述</strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;"></span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">水果在加工时，首先要去皮。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">去皮的方法主要有削、磨、冷冻、热烫等物理方法以及传统的碱、酸碱并用和使用表面活性剂等化学方法。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;">水果的表皮不同程度上都覆盖有一层蜡质（有的呈粉状，称为果粉）。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">传统的碱法只适用于不能削皮的桃、李等品种，还必须把果品浸泡在浓碱液（质量分数为8%~10%）中，于高温（95℃以上）下去皮，结果损耗大、易褐变、风味和商品性差。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">而对苹果、梨等品种，它们表皮的蜡质致密，碱液很难润湿表皮，温度一高果肉就被烫熟了。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">如在碱液中加一点表面活性剂，就可以解决这些问题。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">表面活性剂有两大基本特性，即溶液表面<span class="">吸附性</span>和溶液内胶束形成性，在溶液中起到润湿、渗透和分散、乳化、增溶与提高洗净能力的作用，可见在碱液中加一点表面活性剂就可以增加果皮对碱液的亲和润湿性，分散、乳化和增溶表皮上的蜡质，帮助碱液渗透到表皮内层，使果皮的角质和半纤维素被碱液腐蚀分解，<span class="">原果胶</span>发生分解而失去其胶凝性，这样就达到果肉与皮分离的目的，去除的是很薄的表皮，所用碱液的浓度因此也能降低许多。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>2 可使用的表面活性剂的品种和要求</strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;">作为去皮用的表面活性剂主要有山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯、<span class="">聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯</span>、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯，<span class="">甘油脂肪酸酯</span>、天然脂肪酸（盐）等。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">所用表面活性剂的规格必须严格符合国家的食品法规。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">使用<span class="">非离子表面活性剂</span>时必须考虑它们在碱液中的溶解稳定性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;">2.1 羧酸类表面活性剂</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">羧酸本身并无表面活性，当它被碱皂化为羧酸盐后，就成了非常好的阴离子表面活性剂。使用天然无毒的羧酸，主要用低碳数和中碳数的羧酸，不用高碳酸。</p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0em;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/160409131.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">低碳酸的缺点主要是气味大，对去皮后的果肉风味有点影响。而中碳酸的缺点是在碱液中，随碳数的增加憎水性也增加，往往浮于液面上层，使果品上下去皮不均匀，影响去皮的效果。如果用淋碱的方法去皮就可以克服此缺点。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">2.2 非离子表面活性剂</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">利用非离子表面活性剂作为去皮剂的主剂，已在国外大量应用。它的优点是用量少、去皮能力大、速度快、去皮薄、节省大量的碱；不受果形大小的影响，能保持原果的形态而无刀痕。去皮后果肉表面光滑、硬度高、褐变速度慢，加工成罐头的糖水透明、果肉光泽好，它的这些优点使它在碱液去皮添加剂中独占鳌头。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">非离子表面活性剂的临界胶束依度（C.M.C.）非常小，<span style="text-indent: 34px;">往</span>往是小于离子型的几十倍，加入少量就可以在溶液中形成大量的胶束，胶束越多，分散，乳化和增溶（相当于去果蜡）的能力越大。使用不同的非离子表面活性剂必须要考虑到它在水溶液中的状态，决定它在溶液中状态的是其HLB值。</p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0em;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/160423101.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">HLB值的大小与分子结构及分子中疏水碳氢链长短和亲水的0H基或EO基的多少有关。碳氢链越长，越易于在溶液界面（固体表面）上吸附；表面活性越强，也越易于在溶液中形成胶束团；表面活性越高，去果皮表面果蜡的能力越强。<span style="text-indent: 2em;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0em;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/160429281.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">由表2和表3可看出：HLB值小于8的非离子表面活性剂在溶液中难以形成稳定的分散体，单独使用时去皮效果不佳。它可利用HLB值具有加和性的特点与HLB值大的混合使用。如我们可选择HLB值大于9的聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯中的一种与HLB值小于9的甘油脂肪酸酯或山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯中的一种混合使用，同样有非常好的效果。</p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0em;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/160437201.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>3 阴离子与非离子表面活性剂的配合</strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">用非离子表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂相配合，在溶液中可以形成混合胶束团。非离子表面活性剂分子“插人”胶束团中后，形成混合胶束团，使离子表面活性剂“离子头”之间的电性斥力减弱，再加上两种表面活性剂分子的碳氢链间的疏水作用，而较易形成胶束团，于是混合溶液的C.M.C下降，表面活性提高。利用表面活性剂的这一特性，用脂肪酸（盐）与山梨醇酐月桂酸酯相配合，它们的质量比为2：1，并添加一些其他的助剂，组成价格合理的去皮剂。几年来在全国几十家罐头厂应用，表明它可以应用于苹果、梨、桃、李、杏、枇杷、柿、桔子等多种果品的去皮，每公斤去皮剂可加工桃3吨多，加工苹果和梨2吨左右。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>4 结论</strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;">（1）使用表面活性剂作为果品加工的去皮剂对工厂来说，不用增加什么投资，大小厂都可以用，可以减轻劳动强度，提高生产效率，并且商品性好。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">对苹果、梨等的去皮不受果形大小及成熟度的影响，果肉利用率可提高4%~12%。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">与传统的碱液去皮的桃、李等果品相比，可降低碱浓度（w）50%、果肉利用率可提高5%，降低去皮成本10%以上。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">（2）使用非离子表面活性剂的另一个优点是它的废水可直接用石灰水使之产生絮凝沉淀，总有机碳TOC（Total Organic Carbon Values）排除率高。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">（3）实验室若单从达到去皮目的考虑，则所需碱和表面活性剂浓度都低得多。但从生产现状考虑，提高到上述浓度是为保证一次投药的加工能力。</p><p style="text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: 0px;">表面活性剂，选用绿色非离子表面活性剂烷基糖苷(APG)和醇醚糖苷(AEG）。烷基糖苷APG环保温和、性能多效，型号多样。主要有：烷基糖苷1214（ APG1214 ）、烷基糖苷0810（ APG0810 ）、烷基糖苷0814（ APG0814 ）、高泡烷基糖苷APG 、低泡烷基糖苷APG 、无泡烷基糖苷APG等。<span style="text-indent: 2em;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-13 16:01:48</pubDate></item><item id="22"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂的复配依据及分类]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/22.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/160147911.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[表面活性剂相互间或与其他化合物的配合使用称为复配。在表面活性剂的增溶应用中，如果能够选择适宜的配伍，可以大大增加增溶能力]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/160121181.jpg" title="" alt="" width="487" height="405"/></span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">表面活性剂相互间或与其他化合物的配合使用称为</span><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);">复配</span></strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">。在表面活性剂的增溶应用中，如果能够选择适宜的配伍，可以大大增加增溶能力，减少表面活性剂用量。</span></p><p><section><section><section><p><br/></p><section><section><section><section><section><p style="text-wrap: wrap; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p><strong><span style="color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">与中性无机盐的配伍：</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">在离子表面活性剂溶液中加入可溶性的中性无机盐，增加了烃类增溶质的增溶量。相反对极性物质的增溶量降低。</span><br/></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-wrap: wrap; outline: none; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;"><strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 28px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;">与有机添加剂的配伍：</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 28px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;">一般以碳原子在12以下的脂肪醇有较</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 28px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;">好效果。一</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 28px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;">些<span class="">多元醇</span>如果糖、木糖、山梨醇</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 28px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;">等也有类似效果。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 28px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;">与之相反，一些短链醇不仅不</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 28px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;">能与表面活性剂形成混合胶束，还可能破坏胶束的形成，如C1~C6的醇等。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 28px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;">极性有机物如尿素、N-甲基乙酰胺、乙二醇等均升高表面活性剂的<span class="">临界胶束浓度</span>。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-wrap: wrap; outline: none; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;"><strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 28px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;">与<span class="">水溶性高分子</span>的配伍：</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 28px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;">明胶、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇及聚维酮等水溶性高分子对表</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 28px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;">面</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 28px; overflow-wrap: break-word !im<i></i>portant; box-sizing: border-box !im<i></i>portant;">活性剂分子有吸附作用，减少溶液中游离表面活性剂分子数量，临界胶束浓度因此升高。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p></section></section><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;"></span></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><br/></span></strong></p><p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><strong>复配依据</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">表面活性剂复配的目的是达到加和增效作用，即</span><strong style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37);font-family: Microsoft YaHei;font-size: 14px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);">协同效应</span></strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">。即把不同类型的表面活性剂人为地进行混合，得到的混合物性能比原来单一组分的性能更加优良，也就是通常所说的“1+1&gt; 2” 的效果。</span><br/></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">例如：十二烷基硫酸钠中混有少量的<span class="">十二醇</span>、十二酰醇胺等物质，可</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">改善其在洗涤剂配方中的起泡、洗涤、降低<span class="">表面张力</span>、乳化等性能。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">表面活性剂的复配可以产生加和效应，已经应用到了实际的生产中，</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">但其基础理论方面的研究仍只是近几年的事，其结果可以为预测表面活</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">性剂的加和增效行为提供指导，以便得到最佳复配效果。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">但其研究仍处</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">于初级阶段，主要集中在双组分复配体系。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"></span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">在复配体系中，不同类型和</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">结构的表面</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">活性剂分子间的相互作用，决定了整个体系的性能和复配效</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">果，因此掌握表面活性剂分子间相互作用是研究表面活性剂复配的基础。</span></p><p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><strong>表面活性剂分子间的相互作用参数</strong><br/></section></section></section></section></section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">表面活性剂的两个最基本性质是</span><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 41, 65);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">表面活性剂的表面吸附及胶束的形成</span></strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">。因此，加和增效的产生首先会改变体系的表面张力和临界胶束浓度。一般情况下，当两种表面活性剂产生复配效应时，其混合体系的临界胶束浓度并不等于二者临界胶束浓度的平均值，而是小于其中任何一种表面活性剂单独使用的临界胶束浓度。造成这种情况的原因就是表面活性剂分子间的相互作用。</span><br/></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">复配使用的两种表面活性剂，会在表面上形成混合单分子吸附层，在溶液内部形成混合胶束。无论是混合单分子吸附层还是混合胶束，两种表面活性剂分子间均存在相互作用。其</span><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 41, 65);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">相互作用的形式和大小可用分子间相互作用参数β</span></strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">表示。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">表面活性剂分子间的相互作用参数β值和两种表面活性剂混合的自</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">由能有关，β值为负值表示两种分子相互吸引；&nbsp;β值为正值时，表示两种</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">分子相互排斥;；β值接近0时，表明两种分子间几乎没有相互作用，近</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">乎于理想混合。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">许多学者通过大量实验和计算发现β值一般在-2 (弱排</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">斥)到-40 (强吸引)之间。</span></p><p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><strong>影响分子间相互作用参数的因素</strong><br/></section></section></section></section></section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">大部分混合体系的β值为负值，即两种表面活性剂分子间是相互吸引</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">的作用。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">这种吸引</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">力主要来源于分子间的静电引力，与表面活性剂分子</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">结构密切相关，并受温度及电解质等外界因素的影响。</span><br/></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">表面活性剂离子类型的影响</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">不同类型表面活性剂分子间的相互作用大小不同，其大小次序为</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 41, 65);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">阴离子-阳离子型＞阴离子-两性型<span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;">＞</span>离子型-聚氧乙烯非离子型<span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;">＞</span>甜菜碱两性型-阳离子型<span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;">＞</span>甜菜碱两性型-聚氧乙烯非离子型<span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;">＞</span>聚氧乙烯非离子型-聚氧乙烯非离子型。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">由于加和增效产生的概率随着两种表面活性剂分子间相互作用力的增加</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">而增大，因此与阴离子表面活性剂产生加和增效可能性最大的是阴离子-</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">阳离子和阴离子-两性离子表面活性剂复配体系。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">而阳离子-聚氧乙烯型非</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">离子和阴离子-阴离子复配体系只有在两种表面活性剂具有特定结构时</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">才</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">可能发生加和增效作用。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"></span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">疏水基团的影响</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">随表面活性剂疏水基碳链长度的增加，β会变得更负，当两种表面活性</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">剂碳链长度相等时，混合单分子层中分子间的相互作用参数最大，吸引</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">力最强。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">而混合胶束中的β值则随着碳链长度的总和的增加而增加。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"></span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">介质PH值的影响</span></strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"></span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">两性表面活性剂在水溶液中的例子类型随介质PH值的变化而有所不同。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">当溶液PH值低于等电点时，以阳离子形式存在，通过阳离子与阴离子</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">表面活性剂发生作用。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">因此当介质的碱性或PH值增加，两性表面活性</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">剂逐渐转变为电中性分子，甚至于负离子，与阴离子表面活性剂的相互</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">作用力降低。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">基于同样的原因，两性表面活性剂本身碱性较低，获得质子的能力差，</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">则与阴离子型表面活性剂的相互作用也较低。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">添加无机电解质的影响</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">无机电解质的天加，会使离子型表面活性剂与聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">性剂混合体系中分子间相互作用力降低，这说明此两类表面活性剂分子</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">间存在着静电力的作用。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">温度的影响</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">通常情况下，在10-40℃范围内，分子间的作用力随温度的升高而降低。</span></p><p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><strong>相互作用参数β的意义</strong><br/></section></section></section></section></section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">相互作用参数β的受很多因素的影响。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">了解了该参数的含义和影响因素后，需进一步利用它判断两种表面活性剂之间混合后是否存在复配效应，若存在加和增效作用，两者产生最大加和效应时的摩尔比例及该体系的性质又如何。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">此即引入相互作用参数β的意义。</span><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"><br/></span></p><p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><strong>产生加和增效作用的判据</strong><br/></section></section></section></section></section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">表面活性剂最基本的性质是降低表面张力和形成胶束，衡量表面活性剂活性大小主要</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">是考察其溶液表面张力降低的程度和临界胶束浓度的大小。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">一般情况下，性能优良的</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">表面活性剂能够在较低的浓度下，使溶液的表面张力下降到很低的程度并形成胶束。</span><br/></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">降低表面张力</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">在降低表面张力方面，加和增效作用是指使溶液的表面张力降低到一定</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">程度时，所需的两种表面活性剂的浓度之和低于单独使用复配体系中的</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">任何一种表面活性剂所需的浓度。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">如果这个浓度高于其中任何一种表面</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">活性剂所需的浓度，则说明产生了负的加和增效作用。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">形成混合胶束</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">当复配体系水溶液形成混合胶束的临界胶束浓度低于其中任何一种单一</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度时，即称为产生正加和增效作用;如果混合</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">物的临界胶束浓度比任何一种单一组分的高，则称产生负加和增效作用。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">综合考虑</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">将降低表面张力和形成混合胶束综合起来看，正加和增效是指两种表面</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">活性剂的复配体系在混合胶束的临界胶束浓度时的表面张力低于其中任</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">何一种表面活性剂在其临界胶束浓度时的表面张力，相反则产生负加和</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">增效作用。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">由此可以看出，引入分子间相互作用参数后，可以定性地了解两种表面</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">活性剂分子间的作用情况，是相互吸引还是相互排斥，作用力的强弱如</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">何。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">并可通过相关公式计算并判断出两种表面活性剂混合后是否产生复</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">配效应，并可进一步求出产生最大加和效应时复配体系的组成，即两种</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">表面活性剂的复配比例，这为表面活性剂复配的应用提供了理论指导。</span></p><p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><strong>表面活性剂的复配体系</strong><br/></section></section></section></section></section><section><p><br/></p></section></section></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">除降低表面张力和胶束的形成外，在实际应用中，表面活性剂还有很多</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">重要的作用，如洗涤作用、发泡作用、增溶作用和润湿作用等。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">在这些</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">方面的加和增效作用的仍没有成熟的理论指导，但实际应用中已总结出</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">了一些经验，即加和增效往往与表面张力降低或形成胶束方面存在着一</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">定的关系。</span><br/></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">阴离子-阴离子表面活性剂复配体系</span></strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"></span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">此类复配体系若产生加和增效作用，会使表面张力降的更低，使洗涤性、</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">去污性及润湿性和乳化性均</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">有提高，而克拉夫特点则会降低。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">但需要指</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">出的是这一体系的复配，只有在具有特定结构时才会产生加和增效作用。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"></span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">阴离子-阳离子表面活性剂复配体系</span></strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"></span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">阴离子-阳离子表面活性剂分子间的相互作用力较强，他们的复配体系在</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">降低表面张力、混合胶束的形成方面都显示了较强的加和增效作用，在</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">润湿性能、稳泡性能和乳化性能等方面也有较大的提高。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">目前这一类复</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">配体系已经在纤维和织物的柔软和抗静电处理、泡沫和乳液的稳定等方</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">面得到了较为广泛的应用。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"></span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">但应当注意的是这两类表面活性剂复配时,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">容易生成不溶性的盐从溶液中析出，从而失去表面活性，因此应慎重选</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">择表面活性剂的品种。</span><br/></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">阴离子-两性表面活性剂复配体系</span></strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"></span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">这一体系两种表面活性剂分子的作用方式与介质的酸碱性有关，泡沫高</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">度存在最大值，降低表面张力性质上也出现最大加和增效作用。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"></span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">阴离子-非离子表面活性剂复配体系</span></strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;"></span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">此类复配体系既可能提高也可能降低胶束的增溶作用。不同增溶效果的</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">出现与两种表面活性剂分子的相互作用和混合胶束的形式有关。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">一般认</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">为，当非离子表面活性剂的烃链较长、环氧乙烷加成数较小时，与阴离</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">子表面活性剂复配容易形成混合胶束。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">而当烃链较短、环氧乙烷加成数</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">较大时，则容易形成富阴离子表面活性剂和富非离子表面活性剂两类胶</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">束，他们在溶液中共存。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">阳离子非离子表面活性剂复配体系</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">在阳离子表面活性剂溶液中加入非离子表面活性剂，可以使临界胶束浓</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">度显著降低。</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">是阳离子表面活性剂的离子基团与非离子表面活性剂的极</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">性聚氧乙烯基相互作用的结果。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">非离子-非离子表面活性剂复配体系</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">多数聚氧乙烯非离子表面活性剂本身便是混合物，其性质与单一物质有</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">较大差别，通常疏水基相同、环氧乙烷加成数相近的两种非离子表面活</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">性剂混合时，近乎理想溶液，容易形成混合胶束，其混合物的亲水性相</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">当于这两种物质的平均值，当两种表面活性剂的环氧乙烷加成数和亲水</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">性相差较大时，混合物的亲水性高于二者的平均值，油溶性的品种有可</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(43, 43, 43);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">能增溶于水溶性表面活性剂的胶束中。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px auto; outline: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-all; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Microsoft Yahei;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 28px;">总之，复配产生加和增效作用时，会使表面活性剂的各种性能得到改善和提高。随着这方面理论的深入，应用将越来越广，并在国民经济的各个领域发挥更大的作用。</span></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-13 15:59:39</pubDate></item><item id="19"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂与农药助剂，农药助剂有几种？]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/19.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/155635841.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[农药助剂是农药制剂加工或使用中添加的，用于改善药剂理化性质的辅助物质，又称为农药辅助剂。助剂本身基本无生物活性，但是能影]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, Bl<i></i>inkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/155449701.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">农药助剂是农药制剂加工或使用中添加的，用于改善药剂理化性质的辅助物质，又称为农药辅助剂。助剂本身基本无生物活性，但是能影响防治效果。随着农药助剂的广泛使用与发展，它的种类也是不断增加，因此选择那种助剂就成为农民选择农药之外的第二大选择难题。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><br/></section></section></section></section></section></section></p><p><section><section><section><span style="font-size: 20px;">01</span></section><section><section><br/></section></section><section><section><br/></section></section><section><strong><span style="font-size: 20px;">帮助原药分散的助剂</span></strong></section><section><br/></section></section></section></p><p><section><section><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="margin-right: 5px;padding: 3px 10px;display: inline-flex;color: rgb(227, 108, 9);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) transparent;line-height: 26px;">填料和载体</span></strong></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</section></section><section><section><section><section><img class="__bg_gif" width="31.9922px" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/UeImPBUQ5AQIcRFaueUe8adl3kwicbic2GPudWIEtQhXga3W42TfTTwJxJ5enC4tWz8iaFtEhHCZgSSqRwboAet0w/640?wx_fmt=gif&wx_lazy=1&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5" alt="图片"/></section><section><p><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/155503441.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">固态农药制剂加工时，为调节成品含量或改善物理状态而配加的固态惰性矿物类、植物类或人工合成的物质。填料是用来稀释原药，增加原药分散性的，而载体还具有吸附或承载有效成分的作用。常用的有黏土、硅藻土、高岭土、陶土等。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">料一般选用中性的无机物，比如：粘土、陶土、高岭土、硅藻土、<span class="">叶蜡石</span>、滑石粉等。其作用一是稀释原药，二是吸附原药。主要用于制作粉剂、可湿性粉剂、粒剂、水分散粒剂等。现在炙手可热的药肥，就是以肥料为农药的载体，使药、肥合二为一，达到药肥一体化的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 0em;"><br/></p><section><section><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="margin-right: 5px;padding: 3px 10px;display: inline-flex;color: rgb(227, 108, 9);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) transparent;line-height: 26px;">溶剂</span></strong></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</section></section><p style="text-indent: 0em;line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">用来溶解和稀释农药有效成分，使其便于加工和使用的有机物质。常用的有<span class="">二甲苯</span>、甲苯、苯、甲醇、石油醚等。多用于加工乳油。要求溶解力强、毒性低、闪点高、不易燃、成本低、来源广。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 0em;"><br/></p><section><section><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="margin-right: 5px;padding: 3px 10px;display: inline-flex;color: rgb(227, 108, 9);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) transparent;line-height: 26px;">乳化剂</span></strong></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</section></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 0em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/155510571.jpg" title="" alt=""/></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">将原来不相溶的两种液体（如油和水）中的一种液体以极小的液珠稳定地分散在另一相液体中，形成不透明或半透明乳浊液，起这种作用的表面活性剂称为乳化剂。常用的有：如聚氧乙烯基的酯或醚（蓖麻油聚氧乙基醚、烷基苯基聚乙基醚等）、土耳其红油、双甘油月桂酸钠等。多用于加工<span class="">乳油</span>、水乳剂和微乳剂。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><section><section><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="margin-right: 5px;padding: 3px 10px;display: inline-flex;color: rgb(227, 108, 9);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) transparent;line-height: 26px;"><span class="">分散剂</span></span></strong></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</section></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/155516641.jpg" title="" alt=""/></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">农药制剂加工中能够阻止固-液<span class="">分散体系</span>中固体颗粒凝聚结团，使其在液体中保持较长时间均匀分散的表面活性剂。如木质素磺酸钠、NNO等。主要用于可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、水悬浮剂的加工。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></p><p><section><section><section><span style="font-size: 20px;">02</span></section><section><section><br/></section><section><br/></section></section><section><section><br/></section></section><section><strong><span style="font-size: 20px;">有助于发挥药效或延长药效的助剂</span></strong></section><section><br/></section></section></section></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p><section><section><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="margin-right: 5px;padding: 3px 10px;display: inline-flex;color: rgb(227, 108, 9);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) transparent;line-height: 26px;">增效剂</span></strong></span>&nbsp; &nbsp;</section></section><section><section><section><section><img class="__bg_gif" width="31.9922px" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/UeImPBUQ5AQIcRFaueUe8adl3kwicbic2GPudWIEtQhXga3W42TfTTwJxJ5enC4tWz8iaFtEhHCZgSSqRwboAet0w/640?wx_fmt=gif&wx_lazy=1&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5" alt="图片"/></section><section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/155526291.jpg" title="" alt=""/></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">本身无生物活性，但能抑制生物体内的解毒酶，与某些农药混用时，能大幅度提高农药毒力和药效的化合物。如增效磷、增效醚等。对防治抗性害虫、延缓抗药性以及提高防效等具有重要意义。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><section><section><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="margin-right: 5px;padding: 3px 10px;display: inline-flex;color: rgb(227, 108, 9);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) transparent;line-height: 26px;">稳定剂</span></strong></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</section></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/155533141.jpg" title="" alt=""/></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="caret-color: red;font-size: 16px;">提高农药的稳定性，按作用性质不同可以分为两种，一种是物理稳定剂，提高制剂物理稳定性，如抗结块剂和抗沉降剂等。另外一种是化学稳定剂，可抑制或减缓农药有效成分分解，如抗氧化剂、抗光解剂等。</span><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><section><section><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="margin-right: 5px;padding: 3px 10px;display: inline-flex;color: rgb(227, 108, 9);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) transparent;line-height: 26px;">缓释剂</span></strong></span>&nbsp; &nbsp;</section></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">缓释剂的作用主要是延长农药持效期，与缓释肥料的作用机理是一样的，在合适的时间内，药剂缓慢释放出来，发挥药效。缓释剂有两种，一种是通过包埋、掩蔽、吸附等物理方式起作用，另一种是通过农药与缓释剂之间的化学反应而起作用。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 20px;">03</span><br/></p></section></section></section></section></p><p><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><br/></section><section><strong><span style="font-size: 20px;">增强药剂渗透与展着的助剂</span></strong><br/></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section></p><p><section><section><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="margin-right: 5px;padding: 3px 10px;display: inline-flex;color: rgb(227, 108, 9);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) transparent;line-height: 26px;">湿润剂</span></strong></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</section></section><section><section><section><section><img class="__bg_gif" width="31.9922px" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/UeImPBUQ5AQIcRFaueUe8adl3kwicbic2GPudWIEtQhXga3W42TfTTwJxJ5enC4tWz8iaFtEhHCZgSSqRwboAet0w/640?wx_fmt=gif&wx_lazy=1&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5" alt="图片"/></section><section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/155547211.jpg" title="" alt=""/></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">又称湿展剂，是一类显著降低溶液的表面张力、增加液体对固体表面的接触或增加对固体表面的润湿与展布的表面活性剂。使药粒迅速湿润，增强药液在植物或害虫等表面湿润和展布的能力，增加药剂的均匀程度，提高药效的同时也能够降低药害风险。如木质素磺酸盐、皂角，十二烷基硫酸钠，拉开粉、聚氧乙烯基烷基芳基醚、聚氧乙烯基烷基醚等。主要用于可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、水剂和水悬浮剂的加工以及作为喷雾助剂使用。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><section><section><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="margin-right: 5px;padding: 3px 10px;display: inline-flex;color: rgb(227, 108, 9);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) transparent;line-height: 26px;">透剂</span></strong></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</section></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">能够促进农药有效成分进入植物、有害生物内部的表面活性剂，多用于配制高渗农药制剂产品。如渗透剂T、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚等。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><section><section><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="margin-right: 5px;padding: 3px 10px;display: inline-flex;color: rgb(227, 108, 9);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) transparent;line-height: 26px;">黏着剂</span></strong></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</section></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">黏着剂能增加农药对固体表面黏着能力的助剂。使药剂更耐雨水的冲刷，提高农药的持效性。如在粉剂中加入适量黏度较大的矿物油，在液剂农药中加入适量的淀粉糊、明胶等。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p></section><section><span style="font-size: 20px;">04</span></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><strong><span style="font-size: 20px;">提高安全性的助剂</span></strong><br/></section></section><section><br/></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/155558951.jpg" title="" alt=""/></section><section><section><section><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="margin-right: 5px;padding: 3px 10px;display: inline-flex;color: rgb(227, 108, 9);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) transparent;line-height: 26px;">防漂移剂</span></strong></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</section></section><p><br/></p><p><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/155605361.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="caret-color: red;font-size: 16px;">固态农药制剂加工时，为调节成品含量或改善物理状态而配加的固态惰性矿物类、植物类或人工合成的物质。填料是用来稀释原药，增加原药分散性的，而载体还具有吸附或承载有效成分的作用。常用的有黏土、硅藻土、高岭土、陶土等。</span></p><p><br/></p><section><section><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="margin-right: 5px;padding: 3px 10px;display: inline-flex;color: rgb(227, 108, 9);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) rgb(194, 201, 42) transparent;line-height: 26px;">消泡剂（消沫剂）</span></strong></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</section></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">顾名思义就是抑制泡沫产生或者消除产品中已经产生泡沫的助剂，如乳化硅油、高碳醇脂肪酸酯复合物、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯季戊四醇醚、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙醇胺醚、聚氧丙烯甘油醚、聚二甲基硅氧烷等。</span></p><p><br/></p></section></section></section></section></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-13 15:52:41</pubDate></item><item id="17"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂与洗衣液配方技术]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/17.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/154229151.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[洗涤剂是用于清洗而专门配制的产品，通常市面上用于清洗衣物较为常用的产品有洗衣粉和洗衣液。洗衣粉在使用过程中并不能完全溶解]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/154155841.jpg" title="" alt="" width="543" height="335"/></p><p>洗涤剂是用于清洗而专门配制的产品，通常市面上用于清洗衣物较为常用的产品有洗衣粉和洗衣液。</p><p></p><section>洗衣粉在使用过程中并不能完全溶解，残留物容易导致衣物损伤，并且不易漂洗；</section><section>而洗衣液能够完全溶解且溶解速度快，易漂易洗，碱性较低，性能较温和，不会伤及皮肤和衣物。</section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-color: rgb(42, 107, 165);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong>性能要求&nbsp;</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section>洗衣液作为一种洗涤剂，其配方自然首先要考虑的是去污性能。去污性能包括一次去污力和二次去污力。<br/></section><section>一次去污力指的是对织物洗后的白度、漂白性以及洗涤剂对污垢和脂肪的去污性能；</section><section>二次去污力是指织物在第二次洗涤后的亮度保持，也就是配方必须具备防止污垢沉积能力和修饰织物表面颜色的能力。</section><section>如果洗涤剂二次去污力能力差，织物洗后会因污垢而产生硬化和粗糙的手感，降低织物的使用寿命，因泛灰而使织物表面变得色泽暗淡。</section><section><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><br/><br/></span></section><section><section><section><strong>一次去污力</strong></section><section>一次去污力一般是通过以下几种途径来改善去污力，包括<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><strong>阴离子表面活性剂/<span class="">非离子表面活性剂</span>复配、配方中引入酶以及添加助洗剂</strong></span>等来提高去污力。</section><section>能够起到去污作用的主要是表面活性剂，采用阴离子表面活性剂/非离子表面活性剂复配，可改善配方低温下稳定性及提高去污力。</section><section><br/></section><section><strong>二次去污力</strong></section><section>污垢再沉积在衣服上，会降低带色织物的亮度和鲜艳度。好的洗涤剂应在洗涤的整个生命周期中，能很好地抑制被去除的污垢再沉积到织物上，保证被洗涤的织物的白度保持较高水平。<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><strong>特定的脂解酶与钙皂<span class="">分散剂</span></strong></span>一起掺入洗涤剂中，可以改进织物白度保持以及减少成斑。</section><section><br/></section><section><strong>低泡易漂洗</strong></section></section></section><section>适当的泡沫可以悬浮污垢，防止污垢再次沉积在洗涤物品的表面，但泡沫过多却会给消费者洗涤衣物造成不必要的麻烦，如造成洗衣机内泡沫溢出，并且在漂洗时费水费时，所以需要通过改进洗涤剂的配方或添加适当的消泡剂来抑制泡沫。解决方法包括<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><strong>使用<span class="">低泡表面活性剂</span>、脂肪酸皂和消泡剂</strong></span>。配制过程中还需要考察其与配方体系的相容性及稳定性。<br/></section><section><br/></section><section><strong>附加值</strong></section><section>附加值是指在去污的基础上，针对不同消费者的要求融入了一些附加功能，如<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><strong>抗菌、柔顺、防静电、护色和持久留香等</strong></span>，使消费者洗涤时，多种功能一次性完成，达到省时、省力、省电和省水的效果。</section><section>洗涤用品已经成为人们日常生活的必备品，产品种类不断增多，并且逐渐朝着绿色环保、功能化、专业化和系列化的方向发展。因此，在首先保证洗衣液价格和洗涤性能的前提下，添加其他附加功能，才能不断获得消费者的认可。</section><section><section><br/></section><section><section><section><section><p style="clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-color: rgb(42, 107, 165);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong>常用原料&nbsp;</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><strong style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;inkMacSystemFont, ">常用原料如下</strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Bl&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;inkMacSystemFont, ">：</span><br/></section><section><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">表面活性剂</span>：表面活性剂是洗衣液去除污垢的主要活性成分，常由阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成。常用的阴离子表面活性剂有脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（AES）、烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）、烷基磺酸钠(SAS)、烯基磺酸盐(AOS)等，1-2种为主表面活性剂，非离子表面活性剂如：脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（AEO7,AEO9等）作为辅助增效活性剂，可添加EO数小的非离子表面活性剂作为渗透剂，增加渗透速度。烷醇酰胺(6501)或者氧化胺类主要起增稠<span class="">增效作用</span>。总表面活性剂含量行业推荐标准要求不小于15%，保证达到在正常使用量的去污要求。</section><section><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">增效剂</span>：指在液体洗涤剂中起增强洗涤效果的成分，其产品有蛋白酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶等酶制剂。</section><section><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">抗污垢再沉积剂</span>：聚丙烯酸钠，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等。</section><section><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">pH调节剂</span>：常用氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、三乙醇胺，柠檬酸、<span class="">柠檬酸钠</span>、琥珀酸钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、偏硅酸钠等。</section><section><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">螯合分散剂</span>：柠檬酸钠、聚丙烯酸钠，聚丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物钠盐</section><section><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">无机盐</span>：常以氯化钠为主，用于调节洗衣液黏度；酶制剂保护用硫酸钠，氯化钙等。</section><section><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">功能性助剂</span>：包括防窜色剂、用于彩漂的活性氧助剂、起抗菌作用的植物提取物等。有的加入柔软剂等具有柔软功能。</section><section><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">溶剂</span>：乙醇、丙二醇、异丙醇等</section><section><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">助溶剂</span>：甲基磺酸钠，二甲基磺酸钠，尿素等</section><section><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">消泡剂</span>：消泡剂常用来控制洗衣液中的泡沫数量，起到易于漂洗、省水的作用。常用的消泡剂有有机硅类、聚醚类和矿物油类。其中，有机硅消泡剂的消、抑泡效果最好，但其经常以乳液形式使用，添加量稍大时将会影响洗衣液的透明性；聚醚类消泡剂在浊点以上有消泡作用，该类消泡剂适用于透明洗衣液的配制；矿物油类消泡剂价格相对较低，经济性强。</section><section><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">防腐剂</span>：液体洗涤剂常用的防腐剂有卡松、布罗波尔等。</section><section><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">香精、色素</span>：赋予洗衣液愉快的外观，使用后织物留香持久。</section><section>洗衣液 将以浓缩化、低温节水、安全环保、&nbsp;绿色天然为发展趋势，更加功能性化，满足个性化需求，如抗菌、防窜色，防起球，更鲜艳柔软，留香更持久等。</section><p></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br/></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-13 15:40:19</pubDate></item><item id="12"><title><![CDATA[表面活性剂在食品中的应用]]></title><link>https://www.biaohuoji.com/jishu/202409/12.html</link><thumb>https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/153737851.jpg</thumb><description><![CDATA[随着人民生活水平的提高，人们对食品的要求也越来越高，食品除了要满足最基本的营养价值之外，还应具有良好的色香味。因此在食品]]></description><content><![CDATA[<p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">随着人民生活水平的提高，人们对食品的要求也越来越高，食品除了要满足最基本的营养价值之外，还应具有良好的色香味。因此在食品工业中越来越多的使用食品添加剂,表面活性剂就是最常见的一类食品添加剂。</span><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/153430351.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p></p><section><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">表面活性剂是分子里含有固定的亲水<span class="">亲油基团</span>，能集中在溶液表面、两种不相混溶液体的界面或者集中在液体和固体的界面，降低其<span class="">表面张力</span>或界面张力的一大类化合物。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">表面活性剂在食品工业中的应用非常广泛，在一些食品制作中添加表面活性剂，可以大大地改善加工条件，提高产品质量,延长食品保鲜期等。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">高质量的食品加工，是离不开表面活性剂的应用的。</span><br/><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section><span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></span></section><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><strong><span style="color: rgb(107, 174, 50);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 22.4px;border-color: rgb(107, 174, 50);">&nbsp;表面活性剂简介</span></strong></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p></p><section><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">凡能显著改变体系表面(或界面)状态的物质都称为表面活性剂。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">表面活性剂能大幅度降低体系的表面(或界面)张力,使体系产生润湿和反润湿、乳化和破</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">乳、分散和凝聚、起泡和消泡、增溶等</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">一系 列作用。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">因此，在食品工业中，表面活性剂</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">可作为乳化剂、分散剂、<span class="">润湿剂</span>、消泡剂、粘度调节剂、杀菌剂等。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></span></section><section><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;"><br/></span></section><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><strong><span style="color: rgb(107, 174, 50);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 22.4px;border-color: rgb(107, 174, 50);">&nbsp; 食品用表面活性剂的种类</span></strong></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p></p><section><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">表面活性剂在食品工业中的使用是有严格限制的，不能对人</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">体产生危害。</span></section><section><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">联合国粮农组织和世</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)批准使用的表</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">面活性剂有：<span class="">甘油脂肪酸酯</span>、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、大豆磷脂</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">、乙酸及酒石酸一及 二甘油</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">脂、二乙酰酒石酸一</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">及二甘油酯、柠檬酸酯、聚甘油脂肪酸及蓖麻酸脂、硬脂酰柠檬酸及酒石酸酯、硬脂</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">酰乳酸钙(钠)、硬脂酰富马酸钠、</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">山梨糖醇</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">酐脂肪酸</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">酯、聚氧乙烯(20)及(4</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">0)硬脂酸酯等。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">高分子表</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">面活性剂，如海藻酸钠、果胶酸钠、卡拉胶、壳聚糖水溶性蛋白等。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">它们大多数是半合成的多醇类非离子型表面活性剂，其中大豆磷脂及一些高分子</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">表面活性剂为天然物。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;"><br/></span></section><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><strong><span style="color: rgb(107, 174, 50);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 22.4px;border-color: rgb(107, 174, 50);">&nbsp; 表面活性剂在食品中的主要作用</span></strong></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p></p><section><section><section><section><p style="font-size: 20px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">01</p></section><section><section><p style="font-size: 14px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">表面活性剂做乳化剂</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><span style="display: inline-block;padding: 0.3em 0.5em;box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 4px 4px 2px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(113, 113, 198);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 2px;">乳化剂<br/></span></p></span></section><section><section><section><p style="text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">1、乳化剂最主要的特性是使已形成的乳状液稳定，在一些食品应用中，此过程比初始的分散作用更重要更有意义。这类食品中聚结和失稳现象是我们所不希望发生的，亲水性单甘对乳状液具有良好的稳定性。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">2、化学合成单甘酯不仅具有分子蒸馏单甘的特性，而且其乳化性能更加优越，消泡、起泡、稳泡性能更加优良。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">3、亲水单甘酯是一种优质高效食品乳化剂和表面活性剂， 用于面包、糕点、饼干、人造奶油、巧克力、冰淇淋、方便面、豆制品及蛋白类饮料，且有良好的乳化稳定、分散、消泡、保鲜、抗淀粉老化硬结等作用，是国际上公认的无毒、无限量使用的食品添加剂。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">4、在塑料橡胶类制品、纺织、日化、医药等行业中也有较广泛的应用。它除了具有乳化作用外还兼有发沉、消沉、防老及控制脂肪酸凝聚的作用，是一种典型的非离子型表面活性剂。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">乳化剂的分子内通常具有亲水基(羟基等)和亲油基(烷基)，易在水与油的界面上形成吸附层，属表面活性剂，可分为油包水型和水包油型两类。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">可用的乳化剂总数约65种，常用的有脂肪酸甘油酯(主要为单甘油脂)、脂肪酸蔗糖酯、脂肪酸山梨糖醇酐酯、脂肪酸丙二醇酯、大豆磷脂、阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸、酪蛋白酸钠、明胶和蛋黄等。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">乳化剂能改善乳化体中各种构成相互之间的表面张力,使之形成均匀的分散体或乳化体，从而改善食品组织结构口感和外观，提高食品保存性等。</span><br/></section><section><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">表面活性剂作为乳化剂，在食品工业中起到极其重要的作用，为食品工业的发展提供了良好的条件，可以说食品加工中的各行各业都离不开乳化剂。下面简单叙述各种加工食品中使用乳化剂的主要作用。</span></section><section><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">面包鸡蛋类：防止小麦粉中直链淀粉的疏水作用，从而防止老化回生，降低面团粘度，便于操作，促使面筋组织的形成,提高发泡性，并使气孔分散致密，促使起酥油乳化分散，从而改善组织和口感。例如，在面包中加入面粉量的0.2%~0.3%的单甘酯，可有效地防止老化，使面粉变得柔软。添加面粉量0.2%~0.5%的蔗糖酯(HLB11以上)，可提高发泡效果，并且有润湿性，使面包蛋糕口感更绵软。</span></section><p></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/153438791.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p></p><section><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section><section><section><section><p style="font-size: 20px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">02</p></section><section><section><p style="font-size: 14px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">表面活性剂作增稠剂</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">增稠剂是能提高食品粘度或形成凝胶的一类添加剂，具有稳定乳化或悬浊状态的作用，属亲水性高分子化合物，一般称高分子表面活性剂，亦称粘度调节剂，胶凝剂和乳化稳定剂等。总数近40种，分天然和化学合成两类。</span></section><section><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">天然增稠剂多数从含多糖类的粘质物的植物和海藻类制取，如淀粉，阿拉伯树胶，瓜尔豆胶，角叉菜胶，果胶，琼脂和海藻酸等。亦有从含蛋白质的动植物制取，如明胶，酪蛋白和酷蛋白酸钠等。亦有从微生物中制取的，如汉生胶(黄原胶)等。合成增稠剂，如羧甲基纤维素钠CMC，丙二醇酸藻蛋白酸酯，纤维素乙醇酸和聚丙烯酸钠，淀粉乙醇酸钠，淀粉磷酸钠，甲基纤维素和聚丙烯酸钠等。</span></section><section><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;">高分子表面活性剂一般具有以下特点：降低界面张力的能力小，多数不形成股束，渗透力弱，起泡力差，但形成的泡沫稳定乳化力好，分散力和凝聚力优良。它们多被用于调味酱、果酱类、冰淇淋、罐头食品、糖果和速煮面等。例如，羧甲基纤维素钠，具有粘性、稳定性、薄膜形成性等特性，因而用于冰淇淋可改善保水性及组织结构，可作啤酒的泡沫稳定剂，也可用于果酱、奶油、花生白脱等可改善涂抹性。它吸水后膨胀性强，不易消化，用于饼干等可作减肥食品。</span></section><p></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/153442441.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p></p><section><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section><section><section><section><p style="font-size: 20px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">03</p></section><section><section><p style="font-size: 14px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>表面活性剂在食品制作中的特殊应用</strong></span><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p></p><section><span style="font-size: 15px;">表面活性剂在食品制作中除作乳化剂/增稠剂外，还可以作<span class="">分散剂</span>、润湿剂、起泡剂、消泡剂、结晶控制剂、杀菌剂等，还有延长食品保鲜期的作用。<br/></span></section><section><span style="font-size: 15px;">表面活性剂作分散剂和润湿剂，可改进奶粉、可可粉等粉状食品的亲水性和分散性。全脂奶粉造粒时添加0.2%~0.3%的大豆磷脂，冲调时能迅速溶解而不结团。据报道按重量计算，磷脂含量约为0.35%~0.5%的制成品，可在不到10min内湿润和分散在6°C水中，在室温下，其润湿性可保持稳定一年以上。湿润剂对复水后的饮料不会带来不良的味道或气味。可可粉粒子微细，表面覆盖一层油状薄膜，很难分散，用蔗糖酯可以改进其分散能力。在糕点、冰淇淋等的制作中，添加甘油一酸脂可提高脂肪的分散程度，产生细密的气孔形结构，提高食用质量。</span></section><p></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img src="https://www.biaohuoji.com/file/upload/202409/13/153449861.jpg" title="" alt=""/></p><p></p><section><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span></section><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><strong><span style="color: rgb(107, 174, 50);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 22.4px;border-color: rgb(107, 174, 50);">&nbsp; 表面活性剂在食品工业中的应用前景</span></strong></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p></p><section><span style="font-size: 15px;">表面活性剂在食品工业中的应用非常广泛，在一些食品制作中添加表面活性剂，可以大大地改善加工条件，提高产品质量，延长食品保鲜期等。例如，冰淇淋的制作，没有表面活性剂，就无法控制产品的品质结构，无法提高膨胀率；又如微胶囊化技术，若没有表面活性剂的很好乳化性、成膜性，包埋就难以进行。总的来说，高质量的食品加工，是离不开表面活性剂的应用的。表面活性剂的广泛应用，大大地推动了食品添加剂行业的发展。<br/></span></section><section><span style="font-size: 15px;">随着人们生活水平的不断提高，人们对食品的营养、质量和品种多样化的需求不断提高,表面活性剂在食品工业中的应用将会得到更大的发展。</span></section><p></p><p><br/></p>]]></content><pubDate>2024-09-13 15:32:24</pubDate></item></channel></rss>